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Behroozpour B, Quack N, Sandborn P, Gerke S, Yang W, Chang-Hasnain C, Wu MC and Boser BE (2014), "Method for Increasing the Operating Distance of MEMS LIDAR beyond Brownian Noise Limitation", In CLEO: 2014., June, 2014. , pp. AW3H.2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A LIDAR based on a MEMS tunable VCSEL uses resonance tuning to increase the maximum range ten-fold. A novel demodulator reduces the peak electrical beat frequency from 52GHz to 235MHz for compatibility with standard CMOS.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{behroozpour_method_2014,
  author = {Behroozpour, Behnam and Quack, Niels and Sandborn, Phillip and Gerke, Stephen and Yang, Weijian and Chang-Hasnain, Constance and Wu, Ming C. and Boser, Bernhard E.},
  title = {Method for Increasing the Operating Distance of MEMS LIDAR beyond Brownian Noise Limitation},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {AW3H.2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_AT-2014-AW3H.2},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2014.AW3H.2}
}
Beyazoglu T, Rocheleau T, Grutter K, Grine A, Wu M and Nguyen C-C (2014), "A multi-material Q-boosted low phase noise optomechanical oscillator", In 2014 IEEE 27th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)., January, 2014. , pp. 1193-1196.
Abstract: A Radiation Pressure driven Optomechanical Oscillator (RP-OMO) comprised of attached concentric rings of polysilicon and silicon nitride has achieved a first demonstration of a mixed material optomechanical device, posting a mechanical Qm of 22,300 at 52 MHz, which is more than 2× larger than previous single-material silicon nitride devices [1]. With this Qm, the RP-OMO exhibits a best-to-date phase noise of -125 dBc/Hz at 5 kHz offset from its 52-MHz carrier - a 12 dB improvement from the previous best by an RP-OMO constructed of silicon nitride alone [1]. The key to achieving this performance is the unique mechanical Q-boosting design where most of the vibrational energy is stored by the high-Qm polysilicon inner ring which in turn boosts the overall Qm over that of silicon nitride, all while retaining the high optical Qo textgreater190,000 of silicon nitride material. Simultaneous high Qo and Qm reduces the optical threshold power for oscillation, allowing this multi-material RP-OMO to achieve its low phase noise with an input laser power of only 3.6 mW.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{beyazoglu_multi-material_2014,
  author = {Beyazoglu, T. and Rocheleau, T.O. and Grutter, K.E. and Grine, AJ. and Wu, M.C. and Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
  title = {A multi-material Q-boosted low phase noise optomechanical oscillator},
  booktitle = {2014 IEEE 27th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {1193--1196},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2014.6765861}
}
Eggleston M, Messer K, Yablonovitch E and Wu M (2014), "Circuit Theory of Optical Antenna Shedding Light on Fundamental Limit of Rate Enhancement", In CLEO: 2014., June, 2014. , pp. FM2K.4. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A circuit model of a single-element linear optical antenna is presented. It agrees well with FDTD simulations and predicts spreading resistance will ultimately limit the maximum rate enhancement an efficient antenna can achieve to textasciitilde10,000.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{eggleston_circuit_2014,
  author = {Eggleston, Michael and Messer, Kevin and Yablonovitch, Eli and Wu, Ming},
  title = {Circuit Theory of Optical Antenna Shedding Light on Fundamental Limit of Rate Enhancement},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {FM2K.4},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_QELS-2014-FM2K.4},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2014.FM2K.4}
}
Going R, Seok TJ and Wu M (2014), "Rapid melt grown Germanium pin photodiode wrapped around a Silicon waveguide", In CLEO: Science and Innovations. , pp. STu3G–2. Optical Society of America.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{going_rapid_2014,
  author = {Going, Ryan and Seok, Tae Joon and Wu, Ming},
  title = {Rapid melt grown Germanium pin photodiode wrapped around a Silicon waveguide},
  booktitle = {CLEO: Science and Innovations},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {STu3G–2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=CLEO_SI-2014-STu3G.2}
}
Han S, Seok TJ, Quack N, Yoo B-W and Wu MC (2014), "Monolithic 50x50 MEMS Silicon Photonic Switches with Microsecond Response Time", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference., March, 2014. , pp. M2K.2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We report on 50x50 MEMS-actuated silicon photonic switches with 16V switching voltage and microsecond switching time. 2,500 MEMS cantilever 1x2 waveguide switches have been integrated on 9mmx9mm chips
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{han_monolithic_2014,
  author = {Han, Sangyoon and Seok, Tae Joon and Quack, Niels and Yoo, Byung-Wook and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Monolithic 50x50 MEMS Silicon Photonic Switches with Microsecond Response Time},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {M2K.2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2014-M2K.2},
  doi = {10.1364/OFC.2014.M2K.2}
}
Megens M, Yoo B-W, Chan T, Yang W, Sun T, Chang-Hasnain CJ, Wu MC and Horsley DA (2014), "High-contrast grating MEMS optical phase-shifters for two-dimensional free-space beam steering" Vol. 8995, pp. 89950Q-89950Q-8.
Abstract: We report an optical phased array (OPA) for two-dimensional free-space beam steering. The array is composed of tunable MEMS all-pass filters (APFs) based on polysilicon high contrast grating (HCG) mirrors. The cavity length of each APF is voltage controlled via an electrostatically-actuated HCG top mirror and a fixed DBR bottom mirror. The HCG mirrors are composed of only a single layer of polysilicon, achieving textgreater99% reflectivity through the use of a subwavelength grating patterned into the polysilicon surface. Conventional metal-coated MEMS mirrors must be thick (1-50 μm) to prevent warpage arising from thermal and residual stress. The single material construction used here results in a high degree of flatness even in a thin 350 nm HCG mirror. Relative to beamsteering systems based on a single rotating MEMS mirror, which are typically limited to bandwidths below 50 kHz, the MEMS OPA described here has the advantage of greatly reduced mass and therefore achieves a bandwidth over 500 kHz. The APF structure affords large (textasciitilde2π) phase shift at a small displacement (textless 50 nm), an order-of-magnitude smaller than the displacement required in a single-mirror phase-shifter design. Precise control of each all-pass-filter is achieved through an interferometric phase measurement system, and beam steering is demonstrated using binary phase patterns.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{megens_high-contrast_2014,
  author = {Megens, Mischa and Yoo, Byung-Wook and Chan, Trevor and Yang, Weijian and Sun, Tianbo and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. and Wu, Ming C. and Horsley, David A.},
  title = {High-contrast grating MEMS optical phase-shifters for two-dimensional free-space beam steering},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {8995},
  pages = {89950Q--89950Q-8},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2045341},
  doi = {10.1117/12.2045341}
}
Megens M, Yoo B-W, Chan T, Yang W, Sun T, Chang-Hasnain CJ, Wu MC and Horsley DA (2014), "High-speed 32×32 MEMS optical phased array" Vol. 8977, pp. 89770H-89770H-7.
Abstract: Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with fast response time are of great interest for various applications such as displays, free space optical communications, and lidar. Existing liquid crystal OPAs have millisecond response time and small beam steering angle. Here, we report on a novel 32×32 MEMS OPA with fast response time (textless4 microseconds), large field of view (±2°), and narrow beam divergence (0.1°). The OPA is composed of high-contrast grating (HCG) mirrors which function as phase shifters. Relative to beam steering systems based on a single rotating MEMS mirror, which are typically limited to bandwidths below 50 kHz, the MEMS OPA described here has the advantage of greatly reduced mass and therefore achieves a bandwidth over 500 kHz. The OPA is fabricated using deep UV lithography to create submicron mechanical springs and electrical interconnects, enabling a high (85 fill-factor. Each HCG mirror is composed of only a single layer of polysilicon and achieves textgreater99% reflectivity through the use of a subwavelength grating patterned into the mirror’s polysilicon surface. Conventional metal-coated MEMS mirrors must be thick (1- 50 μm) to prevent warpage arising from thermal and residual stress. The single material construction used here results in a high degree of flatness even in a thin 400 nm HCG mirror. Beam steering is demonstrated using binary phase patterns and is accomplished with the help of a closed-loop phase control system based on a phase-shifting interferometer that provides in-situ measurement of the phase shift of each mirror in the array.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{megens_high-speed_2014,
  author = {Megens, Mischa and Yoo, Byung-Wook and Chan, Trevor and Yang, Weijian and Sun, Tianbo and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. and Wu, Ming C. and Horsley, David A.},
  title = {High-speed 32×32 MEMS optical phased array},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {8977},
  pages = {89770H--89770H-7},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2044197},
  doi = {10.1117/12.2044197}
}
Messer K, Eggleston M, Wu M and Yablonovitch E (2014), "Enhanced Spontaneous Emission Rate of InP using an Optical Antenna", In CLEO: 2014., June, 2014. , pp. STu1M.3. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: Experimental evidence of enhanced spontaneous emission from InP coupled to an optical antenna is presented. Photoluminescence measurements show a 120x increase in light emission from antenna-coupled devices over bare InP emitters.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{messer_enhanced_2014,
  author = {Messer, Kevin and Eggleston, Michael and Wu, Ming and Yablonovitch, Eli},
  title = {Enhanced Spontaneous Emission Rate of InP using an Optical Antenna},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {STu1M.3},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2014-STu1M.3},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STu1M.3}
}
Eggleston M and Wu M (2013), "Efficient Coupling of Optical-Antenna Based nanoLED to a Photonic Waveguide", In IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE 2014. Seattle, WA, USA, September, 2013.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{eggleston_efficient_2013,
  author = {Eggleston, M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Efficient Coupling of Optical-Antenna Based nanoLED to a Photonic Waveguide},
  booktitle = {IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE 2014},
  year = {2013}
}
Going R, Liu T-JK and Wu M (2013), "Rapid melt grown germanium gate photoMOSFET on a silicon waveguide", In 2013 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)., September, 2013. , pp. 38-39.
Abstract: We demonstrate the first monocrystalline germanium gate photoMOSFET integrated with silicon photonic waveguides and grating coupler. We measure a responsivity of 1.2 A/W at 1550nm with a 2×4 μm2 germanium gate.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{going_rapid_2013,
  author = {Going, R. and Liu, Tsu-Jae King and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Rapid melt grown germanium gate photoMOSFET on a silicon waveguide},
  booktitle = {2013 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {38--39},
  doi = {10.1109/IPCon.2013.6656355}
}
Grine A, Grutter KE, Rocheleau T, Quack N, Beyazoglu T, Zheng Z, Jutla I, Wu MC and Nguyen CT (2013), "Phase Noise Spectrum and Carrier Power Modeling of High Performance Optomechanical Oscillators", In CLEO: 2013., June, 2013. , pp. QTh4E.2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We present a model for phase noise that fits experimentally observed trends in our high performance optomechanical oscillators (OMO) demonstrating a phase noise of -102dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from a 74MHz carrier.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{grine_phase_2013,
  author = {Grine, Alejandro and Grutter, Karen E. and Rocheleau, Tristan and Quack, Niels and Beyazoglu, Turker and Zheng, Ziwei and Jutla, Inderjit and Wu, Ming C. and Nguyen, Clark T.},
  title = {Phase Noise Spectrum and Carrier Power Modeling of High Performance Optomechanical Oscillators},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2013},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {QTh4E.2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_QELS-2013-QTh4E.2},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2013.QTh4E.2}
}
Grutter KE, Yeh A, Grine A and Wu MC (2013), "An Integrated, Silica-Based, MEMS-Actuated, Tunable-Bandwidth Optical Filter with Low Minimum Bandwidth", In CLEO: 2013., June, 2013. , pp. CTh4F.3. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We present a MEMS-actuated tunable-bandwidth filter implemented in phosphosilicate glass (PSG). Tuning range is 0.8 to 8.5GHz. Based on performance of our stand-alone PSG resonator, minimum bandwidth in PSG can be as low as 30MHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{grutter_integrated_2013,
  author = {Grutter, Karen E. and Yeh, Anthony and Grine, Alejandro and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {An Integrated, Silica-Based, MEMS-Actuated, Tunable-Bandwidth Optical Filter with Low Minimum Bandwidth},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2013},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {CTh4F.3},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2013-CTh4F.3},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CTh4F.3}
}
Kim M-K, Li Z, Wu MC, Going R and Choo H (2013), "Engineering Metallic Nanocavity Radiation for Efficient Uni-/Bi-directional Coupling into Integrated Waveguide", In CLEO: 2013., June, 2013. , pp. QW3N.2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We propose a new, simple way to engineer the radiation patterns of subwavelength-scale metallic semiconductor cavities for coupling light from a nanoscale metal cavity into integrated waveguides uni-/bi-directionally with efficiency up to textasciitilde90
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kim_engineering_2013,
  author = {Kim, Myung-Ki and Li, Zheng and Wu, Ming C. and Going, Ryan and Choo, Hyuck},
  title = {Engineering Metallic Nanocavity Radiation for Efficient Uni-/Bi-directional Coupling into Integrated Waveguide},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2013},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {QW3N.2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_QELS-2013-QW3N.2},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2013.QW3N.2}
}
Pei S, Wang Y-L, Lin C-T and Wu M (2013), "Isothermal real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 on a light-actuated digital microfludics platform", In 2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXVII). , pp. 2791-2794.
Abstract: We report on a light-actuated digital microfluidics platform for real-time, isothermal helicase-dependent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This platform is used to detect Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1). Reagents in droplets are individually addressed, mixed, transported and arrayed on-chip before the PCR process. 16 droplets were formed from mixing 400 nl PCR master mix droplets with 35 nl HSV-1 viral lysate droplets, arrayed into a 4×4 matrix, and amplified simultaneously, all on chip. Amplification and detection of HSV-1 can be achieved within 45 minutes. No cross contamination was observed.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pei_isothermal_2013,
  author = {Pei, ShaoNing and Wang, Yi-Lun and Lin, Chih-Ting and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Isothermal real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 on a light-actuated digital microfludics platform},
  booktitle = {2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXVII)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {2791--2794},
  doi = {10.1109/Transducers.2013.6627385}
}
Quack N, Sadie J, Subramanian V and Wu M (2013), "Through Silicon Vias and thermocompression bonding using inkjet-printed gold nanoparticles for heterogeneous MEMS integration", In 2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXVII)., June, 2013. , pp. 834-837.
Abstract: We present a novel technique for heterogeneous integration using gold filled Through Silicon Vias (TSV) and thermocompression bond bumps formed in a single fabrication step, using gold nanoparticles dispensed by inkjet printing. Gold-filled TSV arrays (12 × 12, via radius 50μm, pitch 250μm) have been demonstrated using this method. Void free, filled TSVs are reported, and thermocompression bonding yielded seamless interfaces. Die shear tests show good bond strength, and sub-Ω via resistances were measured. The presented integration process exhibits a low temperature budget (≤250°C), allows good alignment, and is compatible with substrates of different sizes and materials, enabling the heterogeneous integration of known-good-dies (KGD) which may have been fabricated in different technologies.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{quack_through_2013,
  author = {Quack, N. and Sadie, J. and Subramanian, V. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Through Silicon Vias and thermocompression bonding using inkjet-printed gold nanoparticles for heterogeneous MEMS integration},
  booktitle = {2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXVII)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {834--837},
  doi = {10.1109/Transducers.2013.6626896}
}
Rocheleau T, Grine A, Grutter K, Schneider R, Quack N, Wu M and Nguyen C-C (2013), "Enhancement of mechanical Q for low phase noise optomechanical oscillators", In 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). , pp. 118-121.
Abstract: A self-sustained Radiation-Pressure driven MEMS ring OptoMechanical Oscillator (RP-OMO) attaining an anchor-loss-limited mechanical Q-factor of 10,400 in vacuum has posted a best-to-date phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at a 1 kHz offset from a 74 MHz carrier, more than 15 dB better than the best previously published mark [1]. While enhanced optical and mechanical Q both serve to lower the optical threshold power required to obtain oscillation, it is the mechanical Q that ends up having the strongest impact on phase noise [2], much as in a traditional MEMS-based oscillator [3]. This motivates a focus on increased mechanical Q-a challenge in previous such devices measured in air-and requires measurement in the absence of gas-damping using a custom optical vacuum measurement system. The improved phase noise performance of these RP-OMOs is now on par with many conventional MEMS-based oscillators and is sufficient for the targeted chip-scale atomic clock application.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{rocheleau_enhancement_2013,
  author = {Rocheleau, T.O. and Grine, A.J. and Grutter, K.E. and Schneider, R.A. and Quack, N. and Wu, M.C. and Nguyen, C.T.-C.},
  title = {Enhancement of mechanical Q for low phase noise optomechanical oscillators},
  booktitle = {2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {118--121},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2013.6474191}
}
Sandborn P, Quack N, Hoghooghi N, Chou JB, Ferrara J, Gambini S, Behroozpour B, Zhu L, Boser B, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu MC (2013), "Linear Frequency Chirp Generation Employing Optoelectronic Feedback Loop andIntegrated Silicon Photonics", In CLEO: 2013., June, 2013. , pp. CTu2G.5. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We demonstrate generation of linear frequency chirps with an excursion of 50
GHz (λ0=1548nm) using an optoelectronic phase-locked loop and integrated
silicon photonics interferometer (FSR=3.0GHz), demonstrating feasibility of an
integrated chip-scale frequency-modulated continuous-wave LADAR source.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sandborn_linear_2013,
  author = {Sandborn, Phillip and Quack, Niels and Hoghooghi, Nazanin and Chou, Jeffrey B. and Ferrara, James and Gambini, Simone and Behroozpour, Behnam and Zhu, Li and Boser, Bernhard and Chang-Hasnain, Constance and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Linear Frequency Chirp Generation Employing Optoelectronic Feedback Loop andIntegrated Silicon Photonics},
  booktitle = {CLEO: 2013},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {CTu2G.5},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2013-CTu2G.5},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CTu2G.5}
}
Yang W, Sun T, Rao Y, Chan T, Megens M, Yoo B-W, Horsley DA, Wu MC and Chang-Hasnain CJ (2013), "Optical phased array using high-contrast grating all-pass filters for fast beam steering", In Proc. SPIE 8633, High Contrast Metastructures II, 86330F. Vol. 8633, pp. 86330G-86330G-5.
Abstract: A novel 8x8 optical phased array based on high-contrast grating (HCG) all-pass filters (APFs) is experimentally demonstrated with high speed beam steering. Highly efficient phase tuning is achieved by micro-electro-mechanical
actuation of the HCG to tune the cavity length of the APFs. Using APF phase-shifters allows a large phase shift with an
actuation range of only tens of nanometers. The ultrathin HCG further ensures a high tuning speed (0.626 MHz). Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional HCGs are demonstrated as the actuation mirrors of the APF arrays with high beam steering performance.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yang_optical_2013,
  author = {Yang, Weijian and Sun, Tianbo and Rao, Yi and Chan, Trevor and Megens, Mischa and Yoo, Byung-Wook and Horsley, David A. and Wu, Ming C. and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J.},
  title = {Optical phased array using high-contrast grating all-pass filters for fast beam steering},
  booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 8633, High Contrast Metastructures II, 86330F},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {8633},
  pages = {86330G--86330G-5},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2004756},
  doi = {10.1117/12.2004756}
}
Yeh A and Wu M (2013), "Tunable grating Fabry-Perot-based wavelength add/drop multiplexer in silicon photonics", In 2013 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)., September, 2013. , pp. 438-439.
Abstract: We report a silicon photonic tunable add/drop multiplexer based on thermally tuned grating Fabry-Perot etalons embedded in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A filter bandwidth of 100GHz is achieved within a broad 60nm wide stopband.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yeh_tunable_2013,
  author = {Yeh, AM. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Tunable grating Fabry-Perot-based wavelength add/drop multiplexer in silicon photonics},
  booktitle = {2013 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {438--439},
  doi = {10.1109/IPCon.2013.6656625}
}
Yoo B, Megens M, Chan T, Sun T, Yang W, Horsley D, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu M (2013), "32x32 Optical phased array with ultra-lightweight high-contrast-grating mirrors", In 2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXVII)., June, 2013. , pp. 2505-2508.
Abstract: Optical phased arrays (OPA) with fast response time are of great interest for various applications such as displays, free space optical communications, and laser radar. In this paper, we report on a novel 32×32 OPA with fast response time (textless;4 microseconds), large field of view (±2°), and narrow beam divergence (0.1°). This is made possible by integrating ultra-lightweight high-contrast-grating (HCG) mirrors with high-speed electrostatic actuators in a dense two-dimensional array with high fill-factor. Consisting of a thin layer (400nm) of sub-wavelength polysilicon gratings, the HCG mirror has a high reflectivity (99.9, a broad reflection bandwidth, and weighs only 140pg.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yoo_32x32_2013,
  author = {Yoo, B.W. and Megens, M. and Chan, T.K. and Sun, T. and Yang, W. and Horsley, D.A and Chang-Hasnain, C.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {32x32 Optical phased array with ultra-lightweight high-contrast-grating mirrors},
  booktitle = {2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXVII)},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {2505--2508},
  doi = {10.1109/Transducers.2013.6627315}
}
Yoo B-W, Chan T, Megens M, Sun T, Yang W, Rao Y, Horsley DA, Chang-Hasnain CJ and Wu MC (2013), "Optical phased array using single crystalline silicon high-contrast-gratings for beamsteering", In Proc. SPIE 8633, High Contrast Metastructures II, 86330F. Vol. 8633, pp. 86330F-86330F-6.
Abstract: We present a single crystalline silicon optical phased array using high-contrast-gratings (HCG) for fast two dimensional
beamforming and beamsteering at 0.5 MHz. Since there are various applications for beamforming and beamsteering
such as 3D imaging, optical communications, and light detection and ranging (LIDAR), it is great interest to develop
ultrafast optical phased arrays. However, the beamsteering speed of optical phased arrays using liquid crystal and
electro-wetting are typically limited to tens of milliseconds. Optical phased arrays using micro-electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS) technologies can operate in the submegahertz range, but generally require metal coatings. The metal
coating unfortunately cause bending of mirrors due to thermally induced stress.
The novel MEMS-based optical phased array presented here consists of electrostatically driven 8 × 8 HCG pixels
fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The HCG mirror is designed to have 99.9% reflectivity at 1550 nm
wavelength without any reflective coating. The size of the HCG mirror is 20 × 20 μm2 and the mass is only 140 pg,
much lighter than traditional MEMS mirrors. Our 8 × 8 optical phased array has a total field of view of ±10° × 10° and a
beam width of 2°. The maximum phase shift regarding the actuation gap defined by a 2 μm buried oxide layer of a SOI
wafer is 1.7π at 20 V.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yoo_optical_2013,
  author = {Yoo, Byung-Wook and Chan, Trevor and Megens, Mischa and Sun, Tianbo and Yang, Weijian and Rao, Yi and Horsley, David A. and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Optical phased array using single crystalline silicon high-contrast-gratings for beamsteering},
  booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 8633, High Contrast Metastructures II, 86330F},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {8633},
  pages = {86330F--86330F-6},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2007193},
  doi = {10.1117/12.2007193}
}
Eggleston M, Kumar N, Messer K, Zhang L, Yablonovitch E and Wu MC (2012), "Efficient Rate Enhancement of Spontaneous Emission in a Semiconductor nanoLED", In Frontiers in Optics Conference., October, 2012. , pp. FW6C.8. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: Optical antennas drastically increase the spontaneous emission rate of a semiconductor LED, yielding 30x improvements in quantum efficiency. Their nanoscale size, high efficiency, and fast emission rate make them good candidates for ultra-low power communication.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{eggleston_efficient_2012,
  author = {Eggleston, Michael and Kumar, Nikhil and Messer, Kevin and Zhang, Liming and Yablonovitch, Eli and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Efficient Rate Enhancement of Spontaneous Emission in a Semiconductor nanoLED},
  booktitle = {Frontiers in Optics Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {FW6C.8},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=FiO-2012-FW6C.8}
}
Eggleston M, Kumar N, Zhang L, Yablonovitch E and Wu MC (2012), "Enhancement of photon emission rate in antenna-coupled nanoLEDs", In Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2012 23rd IEEE International., October, 2012. , pp. 147 -148.
Abstract: Using a simple antenna model, we show a semiconductor coupled to an optical antenna can significantly increase spontaneous emission rate. Our experimental measurements shows a 20x increase in photoluminescence, which agrees well with the theory.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{eggleston_enhancement_2012,
  author = {Eggleston, Michael and Kumar, Nikhil and Zhang, Liming and Yablonovitch, Eli and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Enhancement of photon emission rate in antenna-coupled nanoLEDs},
  booktitle = {Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2012 23rd IEEE International},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {147 --148},
  doi = {10.1109/ISLC.2012.6348377}
}
Ferrara J, Yang W, Yeh A, Grutter K, Chase C, Karagodsky V, Parekh D, Yue Y, Willner AE, Wu MC and Chang-Hasnain CJ (2012), "Low-loss hollow-core waveguide using high-contrast sub-wavelength grating", In SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8270 High Contrast Metastructures., February, 2012. , pp. 82700I-82700I-8.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ferrara_low-loss_2012,
  author = {Ferrara, James and Yang, Weijian and Yeh, Anthony and Grutter, Karen and Chase, Christopher and Karagodsky, Vadim and Parekh, Devang and Yue, Yang and Willner, Alan E. and Wu, Ming C. and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J.},
  editor = {Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. and Koyama, Fumio and Willner, Alan E. and Zhou, Weimin},
  title = {Low-loss hollow-core waveguide using high-contrast sub-wavelength grating},
  booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8270 High Contrast Metastructures},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {82700I--82700I-8},
  url = {http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1345169},
  doi = {10.1117/12.909773}
}
Going R, Kim M-K and Wu M (2012), "Sub-fF nanophotodetector for efficient waveguide integration", In 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP)., August, 2012. , pp. 96 -98.
Abstract: We simulate a 33% quantum efficiency, 240 aF germanium photodiode coupled directly to a silicon waveguide. The variation of geometric parameters barely degrades the performance, showing promise for future fabrication.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{going_sub-ff_2012,
  author = {Going, R. and Kim, Myung-Ki and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Sub-fF nanophotodetector for efficient waveguide integration},
  booktitle = {2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {96 --98},
  doi = {10.1109/GROUP4.2012.6324098}
}
Grutter KE, Grine A, Kim M-K, Quack N, Rocheleau T, Nguyen CT and Wu MC (2012), "A Platform for On-Chip Silica Optomechanical Oscillators with Integrated Waveguides", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012., May, 2012. , pp. CW1M.5. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We present a new phosphosilicate glass photonic integrated circuit platform for optomechanical systems. Wafer-scale reflow enables high-Q (1.5x106) resonators and closely-spaced (250nm) waveguides. Optomechanical resonance (71.9MHz) is demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{grutter_platform_2012,
  author = {Grutter, Karen E. and Grine, Alejandro and Kim, Myung-Ki and Quack, Niels and Rocheleau, Tristan and Nguyen, Clark T. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {A Platform for On-Chip Silica Optomechanical Oscillators with Integrated Waveguides},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {CW1M.5},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2012-CW1M.5},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2012.CW1M.5}
}
Kumar NR, Messer K, Eggleston M, Wu MC and Yablonovitch E (2012), "Spontaneous emission rate enhancement using gold nanorods", In 2012 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)., September, 2012. , pp. 612 -613.
Abstract: We present a 7nm bare InGaAsP quantum well coupled to a gold nanorod. Photoluminescence measurements show an increased spontaneous emission rate of at least 4.5 x00D7; without sacrificing efficiency.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kumar_spontaneous_2012,
  author = {Kumar, Nikhil R. and Messer, Kevin and Eggleston, Michael and Wu, Ming C. and Yablonovitch, Eli},
  title = {Spontaneous emission rate enhancement using gold nanorods},
  booktitle = {2012 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {612 --613},
  doi = {10.1109/IPCon.2012.6358770}
}
Seok TJ, Eggleston M, Lakhani A, Kim M-K and Wu MC (2012), "Ultra Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Uniform Sub-5 nm Gap Optical Antennas", In CLEO: QELS-Fundamental Science., May, 2012. , pp. QM3H.2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: Arch-dipole optical antennas with uniform 5nm gaps have been fabricated on Si substrate using deep-UV “spacer” lithography. Strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals with an enhancement factor of 1.1×108 have been measured.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{seok_ultra_2012,
  author = {Seok, Tae Joon and Eggleston, Michael and Lakhani, Amit and Kim, Myung-Ki and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Ultra Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Uniform Sub-5 nm Gap Optical Antennas},
  booktitle = {CLEO: QELS-Fundamental Science},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {QM3H.2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=QELS-2012-QM3H.2}
}
Wu M (2012), "Light-Actuated Microfluidics (Plenary Talk)", In 1st EOS Conference on Optofluidics 2011.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_light-actuated_2012,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Light-Actuated Microfluidics (Plenary Talk)},
  booktitle = {1st EOS Conference on Optofluidics 2011},
  year = {2012}
}
Wu MC and Lakhani A (2012), "Recent Advances in Semiconductor Nanolasers", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012., May, 2012. , pp. JM4I.4. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: Nanolasers that integrate metal into the cavity design have pushed laser volumes
much below one cubic wavelength λ3
0. In this paper, we review this growing field and highlight recent
work on the nanopatch laser.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_recent_2012,
  author = {Wu, Ming C. and Lakhani, Amit},
  title = {Recent Advances in Semiconductor Nanolasers},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {JM4I.4},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_AT-2012-JM4I.4},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2012.JM4I.4}
}
Wyrwas J and Wu M (2012), "High dynamic range linearized FM photonic link", In 2012 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series. , pp. 153-154.
Abstract: We present our work on frequency and phase modulated microwave photonic links which achieve linear demodulation using planar lightwave circuits (PLC) optical filtering and balanced detection, showing improvement in spurious free dynamic-range and signal gain.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wyrwas_high_2012,
  author = {Wyrwas, J.M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {High dynamic range linearized FM photonic link},
  booktitle = {2012 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {153--154},
  doi = {10.1109/PHOSST.2012.6280794}
}
Yang W, Sun T, Rao Y, Megens M, Chan T, Yoo B-W, Horsley D, Wu M and Chang-Hasnain C (2012), "High-speed optical phased array using high-contrast grating all-pass filters", In 2012 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM). , pp. 22-24.
Abstract: A novel optical phased array is experimentally demonstrated with high speed (0.577 MHz) beam steering, which consists of 8×8 tunable 1550-nm all-pass filters with ultrathin high-contrast grating as the micro-electro-mechanically actuated reflector for fast tuning.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yang_high-speed_2012,
  author = {Yang, Weijian and Sun, Tianbo and Rao, Yi and Megens, M. and Chan, T. and Yoo, Byung-Wook and Horsley, D.A. and Wu, M.C. and Chang-Hasnain, C.J.},
  title = {High-speed optical phased array using high-contrast grating all-pass filters},
  booktitle = {2012 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {22--24},
  doi = {10.1109/ICIPRM.2012.6403308}
}
Yoo B-W, Chan T, Megens M, Sun T, Yang W, Rao F, Chang-Hasnain C, Horsley D and Wu M (2012), "Fast optical phased array with ultra-lightweight high-contrast-grating mirrors", In 2012 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN). , pp. 144-145.
Abstract: We report an optical phased array (OPA) using high-contrast-grating (HCG) as an electrostatically actuated mirror for the purpose of free space fast beamsteering. In this paper, several attractive properties of HCG mirror are introduced such as single material, high reflectance along a wide bandwidth and low-mass inertia and the fabrication result is shown. ±10° × 10° with 2° beam width is observed at 1550 nm wavelength using HCG optical phased array.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yoo_fast_2012,
  author = {Yoo, Byung-Wook and Chan, T. and Megens, M. and Sun, Tianbo and Yang, Weijian and Rao, F. and Chang-Hasnain, C. and Horsley, D.A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Fast optical phased array with ultra-lightweight high-contrast-grating mirrors},
  booktitle = {2012 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {144--145},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2012.6318844}
}
Chan ML, Yoxall B, Park H, Kang Z, Izyumin I, Chou J, Megens MM, Wu MC, Boser BE and Horsley DA (2011), "Low friction liquid bearing mems micromotor", In 2011 IEEE 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)., January, 2011. , pp. 1237-1240. IEEE.
Abstract: This paper examines the performance of rotating microdevices incorporating a liquid bearing to couple a rotating element to a fixed substrate. Liquid bearing technology promises to significantly improve the durability and lifetime of micromechanical motors. Here, the fluid is confined between the rotor and stator using surface patterning of a hydrophobic layer. Magnetic actuation of 10 mm diameter silicon rotor is used to characterize the liquid bearing motor at rotation rates up to 1800 rpm. Bearings with fluid thickness from 20-200 microns are characterized. A minimum torque of 0.15 μN-m is required to overcome static friction and initiate rotation. At rotation rates above 720 rpm, the rotor wobble is less than ±1 mrad and the bearing exhibits viscous friction with a drag coefficient of 1.2 × 10-3 μN-m/rpm.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chan_low_2011,
  author = {Chan, Mei Lin and Yoxall, B. and Hyunkyu Park and Zhaoyi Kang and Izyumin, I. and Chou, J. and Megens, M. M and Wu, M. C and Boser, B. E and Horsley, D. A},
  title = {Low friction liquid bearing mems micromotor},
  booktitle = {2011 IEEE 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {1237--1240},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2011.5734656}
}
Eggleston M, Lakhani A, Zhang L, Yablonovitch E and Wu M (2011), "Optical antenna based nanoLED", In 2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO)., October, 2011. , pp. 177 -178.
Abstract: An optical antenna based nanoLED design that enhances photoluminescence of a semiconductor emitter by more than 10 x00D7; is presented. The small mode (0.015 ( x03BB;0/2n)3) and physical (3 x00D7;10-4 x03BB;03) volumes are attractive for on-chip optical interconnect applications.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{eggleston_optical_2011,
  author = {Eggleston, M. and Lakhani, A. and Zhang, Liming and Yablonovitch, E. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optical antenna based nanoLED},
  booktitle = {2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO)},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {177 --178},
  doi = {10.1109/PHO.2011.6110483}
}
Going R, Seok TJ, Lakhani A, Eggleston M, Kim M-K and Wu M (2011), "Optical antenna design for nanophotodiodes", In 2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO)., October, 2011. , pp. 735 -736.
Abstract: Guidelines for designing an optical antenna for optimizing the performance of a nanophotodiode are proposed. A nanopatch design is simulated with over 70% absorption efficiency using germanium as the absorber.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{going_optical_2011,
  author = {Going, R. and Seok, Tae Joon and Lakhani, A. and Eggleston, M. and Kim, Myung-Ki and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optical antenna design for nanophotodiodes},
  booktitle = {2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO)},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {735 --736},
  doi = {10.1109/PHO.2011.6110760}
}
Hsu HY, Jamshidi A, Shekarchian S, Lam W, Valley JK, Pei SN and Wu MC (2011), "Open-access phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers for long-term single cell heterogeneity study", In 2011 IEEE 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)., January, 2011. , pp. 63-66. IEEE.
Abstract: We demonstrate, for the first-time, long-term culturing of single cells under continuous phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers (Ph-OET) trapping. A new device configuration, open-access Ph-OET, is presented to integrate the trapping functionality of Ph-OET with culturing capabilities in a Petri dish. Maintenance of human leukemia cell lines (K562, Jurkat) under optical manipulation for up to five cell generation has been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hsu_open-access_2011,
  author = {Hsu, H. Y and Jamshidi, A. and Shekarchian, S. and Lam, W. and Valley, J. K and Pei, S. N and Wu, M. C},
  title = {Open-access phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers for long-term single cell heterogeneity study},
  booktitle = {2011 IEEE 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {63--66},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2011.5734362}
}
Huang H, Yue Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Chase C, Parekh D, Sedgwick F, Tur M, Wu MC, Chang-Hasnain CJ and Willner A (2011), "Analog Signal Performance of a Hollow-Core-Waveguide using High-Contrast-Gratings", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011., March, 2011. , pp. OThA3. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: On-chip analog signaling performance of HCG-HW is evaluated. SFDR of textgreater100 dB can be achieved for IM3 over a frequency range of 80 GHz and optical bandwidth of 50 nm after a 100-m propagation. It also shows a performances than other types of integrated low-loss silicon waveguid.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{huang_analog_2011,
  author = {Huang, Hao and Yue, Yang and Zhang, Lin and Wang, Xue and Chase, Christopher and Parekh, Devang and Sedgwick, Forrest and Tur, Moshe and Wu, Ming C. and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. and Willner, Alan},
  title = {Analog Signal Performance of a Hollow-Core-Waveguide using High-Contrast-Gratings},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {OThA3},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2011-OThA3},
  doi = {10.1364/OFC.2011.OThA3}
}
Pei SN, Valley J, Hsu H-Y, Jamshidi A and Wu M (2011), "Novel Electrode Shape to Reduce Heating in Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics", In CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications. , pp. CMDD4. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A novel, ring-shaped optical electrode is employed to reduce heating in light-actuated digital microfluidics. Using thermo-sensitive hydrogel microspheres, the temperature rise is measured to be 0.35°C, 15x lower than those using square electrodes.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pei_novel_2011,
  author = {Pei, Shao Ning and Valley, Justin and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Jamshidi, Arash and Wu, Ming},
  title = {Novel Electrode Shape to Reduce Heating in Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics},
  booktitle = {CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {CMDD4},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO: S and I-2011-CMDD4}
}
Wu M (2011), "Nanoscale Light Emitters for On-Chip Optical Interconnect (Invited Presentation)", In HSD 2011 22nd Annual Workshop on Interconnections Within High Speed Digital Systems.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_nanoscale_2011,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Nanoscale Light Emitters for On-Chip Optical Interconnect (Invited Presentation)},
  booktitle = {HSD 2011 22nd Annual Workshop on Interconnections Within High Speed Digital Systems},
  year = {2011}
}
Wyrwas J, Rasras M, Chen Y, Cappuzzo M, Chen E, Gomez L, Klemens F, Keller R, Earnshaw M, Padro F, Bolle C, Peach R, Middleton C, DeSalvo R and Wu M (2011), "Dynamic linearity improvement of phase and frequency modulated microwave photonic links using optical lattice filter discriminators", In Microwave Photonics, 2011 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics Conference, 2011 Asia-Pacific, MWP/APMP. , pp. 41-44.
Abstract: A phase modulated (PM) microwave photonic link (MPL) with linearity improvement is presented. The link demodulates the PM using a phase discriminator based on a dynamically tunable, integrated, sixth-order optical lattice filter in planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. The linearity of the demodulation process is optimized by using electrical spectrum monitoring and a feedback algorithm to automatically choose the filter coefficients. For a 2 GHz modulation frequency, the link achieves a 6.7 dB improvement in the third-order output intercept point (OIP3) for intermodulation distortion (IMD) over a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wyrwas_dynamic_2011,
  author = {Wyrwas, J.M. and Rasras, M.S. and Chen, Y.K. and Cappuzzo, M.A. and Chen, E.Y. and Gomez, L.T. and Klemens, F. and Keller, R. and Earnshaw, M.P. and Padro, F. and Bolle, C. and Peach, R. and Middleton, C. and DeSalvo, R. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Dynamic linearity improvement of phase and frequency modulated microwave photonic links using optical lattice filter discriminators},
  booktitle = {Microwave Photonics, 2011 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics Conference, 2011 Asia-Pacific, MWP/APMP},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {41--44},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.2011.6088664}
}
Wyrwas J and Wu M (2011), "Frequency-modulated microwave photonic links for high dynamic-range antenna remoting systems", In 2011 IEEE Avionics, Fiber- Optics and Photonics Technology Conference (AVFOP). , pp. 53-54.
Abstract: To support the need to distribute analog signals from microwave antennas dispersed throughout military aircraft, much research has been devoted to developing microwave photonic links (MPLs) with very high linearity and low noise figures. Frequency-modulated (FM) photonic links are a promising technology to provide high dynamic-range signal transmission for these airborne antenna remoting systems. FM lasers, where a phase modulator in the optical cavity varies the optical frequency with applied RF power, have been demonstrated with very high modulation efficiency. Demodulation performed using an optical filter based frequency discriminator and direct detection (FM-DD) (also called slope or interferometric detection) can be engineered for low nonlinearities by optimizing the transfer function of the filter. The combination of a high efficiency FM laser with a discriminator filter for low-distortion demodulation leads to a MPL with signal gain, low noise figure and large dynamic range.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wyrwas_frequency-modulated_2011,
  author = {Wyrwas, J.M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Frequency-modulated microwave photonic links for high dynamic-range antenna remoting systems},
  booktitle = {2011 IEEE Avionics, Fiber- Optics and Photonics Technology Conference (AVFOP)},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {53--54},
  doi = {10.1109/AVFOP.2011.6082123}
}
Yang W, Ferrara J, Grutter K, Yeh A, Chase C, Karagodsky V, Parekh D, Yue Y, Willner AE, Wu M and Chang-Hasnain CJ (2011), "Novel Three-dimensional Hollow-core Waveguide Using High-contrast Sub-wavelength Grating", In CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications., May, 2011. , pp. CThHH4. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A novel hollow-core waveguide using high-contrast sub-wavelength grating (HCG) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The waveguide is formed by two HCG planar structures and shows both transverse and lateral light confinement.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yang_novel_2011,
  author = {Yang, Weijian and Ferrara, James and Grutter, Karen and Yeh, Anthony and Chase, Christopher and Karagodsky, Vadim and Parekh, Devang and Yue, Yang and Willner, Alan E. and Wu, Ming and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J.},
  title = {Novel Three-dimensional Hollow-core Waveguide Using High-contrast Sub-wavelength Grating},
  booktitle = {CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {CThHH4},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2011-CThHH4},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2011.CThHH4}
}
Choo H, Stafarroni M, Seok TJ, Bokor J, Wu M, Schuck PJ, Cabrini S and Yablonovitch E (2010), "Three-dimensional optical transformer - highly efficient nanofocusing device", In Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) and Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), 2010 Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{choo_three-dimensional_2010,
  author = {Choo, Hyuck and Stafarroni, Matteo and Seok, Tae Joon and Bokor, Jeffrey and Wu, Ming and Schuck, P. J. and Cabrini, S. and Yablonovitch, Eli},
  title = {Three-dimensional optical transformer - highly efficient nanofocusing device},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) and Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), 2010 Conference on},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Chou JB, Yu K, Horsley D, Walmsley R, Tan M, Wang S-Y and Wu M (2010), "Characterization of a MEMS Based Optical System for Free-Space Board-to-Board Optical Interconnects", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference., March, 2010. , pp. OTuH2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We demonstrate alignment of an array of VCSELs to detectors, using a MEMS-based lens system for free-space board-to-board optical interconnects. Our optical system is capable of aligning up to 5 degrees of freedom.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chou_characterization_2010,
  author = {Chou, Jeffrey B. and Yu, Kyoungsik and Horsley, David and Walmsley, Robert and Tan, Mike and Wang, Shih-Yuan and Wu, Ming},
  title = {Characterization of a MEMS Based Optical System for Free-Space Board-to-Board Optical Interconnects},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {OTuH2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2010-OTuH2},
  doi = {10.1364/OFC.2010.OTuH2}
}
Chou J, Yu K, Bakhishev T, Horsley D, Walmsley R, Mathai S, Tan M, Wang SY, Subramanian V and Wu M (2010), "Rotational optical alignment for array based free space board-to-board optical interconnect with zero power hold", In 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). , pp. 807-810.
Abstract: We present an electrothermally actuated, rotating microlens array for the application of aligning free-space optical interconnects. A bistable mechanical brake holds the rotating stage after alignment so it does not consume any power in steady state. A 4 × 4 double-sided microlens array is fabricated via micro-inkjet printing and is precisely mounted on the lens shuttle with alignment bumps. Our MEMS device has a maximum rotation angle of 2.3° at an average velocity of 5.75°/s, and is capable of correcting angular misalignment of the laser/photodetector array chips. Measured CCD images of a 1 × 4 VCSEL array are presented to demonstrate the function of the device.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chou_rotational_2010,
  author = {Chou, J. and Yu, Kyoungsik and Bakhishev, T. and Horsley, D. and Walmsley, R. and Mathai, S. and Tan, M. and Wang, S. -Y and Subramanian, Vivek and Wu, M.},
  title = {Rotational optical alignment for array based free space board-to-board optical interconnect with zero power hold},
  booktitle = {2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {807--810},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2010.5442283}
}
Grutter K, Yeh A, Patra S and Wu M (2010), "A new fabrication technique for integrating silica optical devices and MEMS", In 2010 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OPT MEMS). , pp. 33-34.
Abstract: We have developed a novel fabrication process which integrates silicon MEMS actuators with silica optical components. Suspended silica optical waveguides are actuated by a silicon electrostatic comb drive actuator, with a maximum displacement of 8 μm at 35 V bias.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{grutter_new_2010,
  author = {Grutter, K.E. and Yeh, A.M. and Patra, S.K. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A new fabrication technique for integrating silica optical devices and MEMS},
  booktitle = {2010 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OPT MEMS)},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {33--34},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2010.5672199}
}
Hsu H-y, Lee H, Jamshidi A, Valley J, Pei SN, Isacoff E and Wu MC (2010), "Optical Control of Neural Activity with Amorphous Silicon Light Addressable Electrodes", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010., May, 2010. , pp. CTuD2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We present an optically addressed electrical stimulation device for neuron control with single cell resolution and millisecond temporal resolution. This system allows dynamic study of interconnected neural network at single neuron level.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hsu_optical_2010,
  author = {Hsu, Hsan-yin and Lee, Hanson and Jamshidi, Arash and Valley, Justin and Pei, Shao Ning and Isacoff, Ehud and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Optical Control of Neural Activity with Amorphous Silicon Light Addressable Electrodes},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {CTuD2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2010-CTuD2},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO.2010.CTuD2}
}
Hsu H, Vogler S, Jamshidi A, Valley J, Pei S, Pautot S and Wu M (2010), "Thermo-sensitive microgels as in-situ sensor for temperature measurement in optoelectronic tweezers", In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on. , pp. 1123–1126.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hsu_thermo-sensitive_2010,
  author = {Hsu, H. and Vogler, S. and Jamshidi, A. and Valley, J. and Pei, S.N. and Pautot, S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Thermo-sensitive microgels as in-situ sensor for temperature measurement in optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1123–1126}
}
Jamshidi A, Valley JK, Lam W, Hsu HY, Dai T, Shekarchian S, Neale SL, Pei SN and Wu MC (2010), "An Integrated Single Cell Optofluidic Platform Based on Phototransistor Optoelectronic Tweezers", In Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Optical Society of America.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jamshidi_integrated_2010,
  author = {Jamshidi, A. and Valley, J. K. and Lam, W. and Hsu, H. Y. and Dai, T. and Shekarchian, S. and Neale, S. L. and Pei, S. N. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {An Integrated Single Cell Optofluidic Platform Based on Phototransistor Optoelectronic Tweezers},
  booktitle = {Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010}
}
Lakhani A, Kim M-K, Lau E and Wu M (2010), "Lasing in a one-dimensional plasmonic crystal", In Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2010 22nd IEEE International. , pp. 199-200.
Abstract: We report on the experimental demonstration of laser based on one-dimensional plasmonic crystals. Plasmon radiation has been engineered to create subwavelength mode-volumes smaller than photonic crystals. The device operates with quasi-CW pumping at 77 Kelvin.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lakhani_lasing_2010,
  author = {Lakhani, A.M. and Kim, Myung-Ki and Lau, E.K. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Lasing in a one-dimensional plasmonic crystal},
  booktitle = {Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2010 22nd IEEE International},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {199--200},
  doi = {10.1109/ISLC.2010.5642641}
}
Lakhani AM, Yu K and Wu MC (2010), "Subwavelength Semiconductor Nanocavity Laser", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference., March, 2010. , pp. OMQ1. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We report the smallest metallo-dielectric cavity semiconductor laser to our knowledge operating at near-infrared frequencies. The laser consists of an InGaAsP patch sandwiched by gold. We observe lasing in electric and magnetic dipole modes.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lakhani_subwavelength_2010,
  author = {Lakhani, Amit M. and Yu, Kyoungsik and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Subwavelength Semiconductor Nanocavity Laser},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {OMQ1},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2010-OMQ1},
  doi = {10.1364/OFC.2010.OMQ1}
}
Pauzauskie PJ, Hsu H-Y, Jamshidi A, Valley JK, Pei SN and Wu MC (2010), "Quantifying heat transfer in DMD-based optoelectronic tweezers with infrared thermography", In Proc. SPIE 7596., February, 2010. , pp. 759609-759609-8.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pauzauskie_quantifying_2010,
  author = {Pauzauskie, Peter J. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Jamshidi, Arash and Valley, Justin K. and Pei, Shao Ning and Wu, Ming C.},
  editor = {Douglass, Michael R. and Hornbeck, Larry J.},
  title = {Quantifying heat transfer in DMD-based optoelectronic tweezers with infrared thermography},
  booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 7596},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {759609--759609-8},
  url = {http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1338026},
  doi = {10.1117/12.846247}
}
Pei SN, Valley J, Neale S, Jamshidi A, Hsu H-Y and Wu M (2010), "Light-actuated digital microfluidics for large-scale, parallel manipulation of arbitrarily sized droplets", In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on. , pp. 252-255.
Abstract: We report on a new light-actuated digital microfluidics device which is capable of using on demand, `virtual' electrodes formed by a data projector to enable large-scale, parallel manipulation of arbitrarily sized droplets. The device features a thin, high-quality Al2O3 film deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD) which allows aggressive scaling of the dielectric thickness, while maintaining high device reliability. We demonstrate the splitting, merging and parallel manipulation of droplets at high actuation speeds (2 cm/s). Due to the thin ALD dielectric layer, this high actuation speed is achieved at 85x lower optical power and 5x lower voltage than our previous device.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pei_light-actuated_2010,
  author = {Pei, Shao Ning and Valley, J.K. and Neale, S.L. and Jamshidi, A. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Light-actuated digital microfluidics for large-scale, parallel manipulation of arbitrarily sized droplets},
  booktitle = {Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {252--255},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2010.5442519}
}
Pei SN, Valley JK, Neale SL, Hsu H-Y, Jamshidi A and Wu MC (2010), "Rapid Droplet Mixing Using Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010., May, 2010. , pp. CTuJJ2. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We demonstrate the rapid droplet mixing ability of the Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics device. A 3x3 array of droplets with 9 different reagent mixing ratios have been successfully generated using a digital light projector.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pei_rapid_2010,
  author = {Pei, Shao Ning and Valley, Justin K. and Neale, Steven L. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Jamshidi, Arash and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Rapid Droplet Mixing Using Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {CTuJJ2},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2010-CTuJJ2},
  doi = {10.1364/CLEO.2010.CTuJJ2}
}
Seok TJ, Jamshidi A, Lakhani A, Yu K, Choo H, Miller O, Yablonovitch E and Wu MC (2010), "Characterization of Extended Width Optical Dipole Antennas", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optical Society of America.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{seok_characterization_2010,
  author = {Seok, T. J. and Jamshidi, A. and Lakhani, A. and Yu, K. and Choo, H. and Miller, O. and Yablonovitch, E. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Characterization of Extended Width Optical Dipole Antennas},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010}
}
Valley J, Garcia M, Swinton P, Neale S, Hsu H-Y, Jamshidi A and Wu M (2010), "Optoelectronic Tweezers for quantitative assessment of embryo developmental stage", In 2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). , pp. 943-946.
Abstract: Successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) requires that only the top 1-2 healthiest embryos are transferred to the uterus. The current gold standard is to select only the most developmentally advanced embryos for uterine transfer. This approach is solely qualitative and consequently has limited sensitivity and specificity. A quantitative approach, if more sensitive, would greatly improve IVF outcomes. We assess the response of mouse embryos to Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET) throughout key stages in their early development, and demonstrate that OET can serve as a means to quantitatively guide identification of the most developed (i.e. likeliest to be healthy) embryos, following IVF.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{valley_optoelectronic_2010,
  author = {Valley, J.K. and Garcia, M. and Swinton, P. and Neale, S. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Jamshidi, A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers for quantitative assessment of embryo developmental stage},
  booktitle = {2010 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {943--946},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2010.5442363}
}
Wyrwas JM and Wu MC (2010), "High Dynamic-Range Microwave Photonic Links Using Maximally Linear FIR Optical Filters", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference., March, 2010. , pp. JWA43. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We propose a microwave photonic link in which maximally linear FIR optical filters discriminate frequency modulation. Using a tenth-order filter, one can achieve a 127 dBm/Hz2/3SFDR with 1 mW of received optical power.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wyrwas_high_2010,
  author = {Wyrwas, John M. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {High Dynamic-Range Microwave Photonic Links Using Maximally Linear FIR Optical Filters},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {JWA43},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2010-JWA43},
  doi = {10.1364/NFOEC.2010.JWA43}
}
Yu K, Lakhani A and Wu MC (2010), "Nanoscale Light Sources", In 9th International Conference on Optical Internet. Shilla Jeju, Korea, July, 2010.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yu_nanoscale_2010,
  author = {Yu, Kyoungsik and Lakhani, Amit and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Nanoscale Light Sources},
  booktitle = {9th International Conference on Optical Internet},
  year = {2010}
}
Choo H, Cabrini S, Staffaroni M, Schuck P, Seok TJ, Ding B, Chang A, Meng XF, Weber-Bagioni A, Bokor J, Wu M and Yablanovitch E (2009), "Nanofabrication and Optical Characterization of Optical Transformer with 2-D Tapered Tip", In 53rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN)., May, 2009.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{choo_nanofabrication_2009,
  author = {Choo, H. and Cabrini, S. and Staffaroni, M. and Schuck, P.J. and Seok, T. J. and Ding, B. and Chang, A. and Meng, X. F. and Weber-Bagioni, A. and Bokor, J. and Wu, M.C. and Yablanovitch, E.},
  title = {Nanofabrication and Optical Characterization of Optical Transformer with 2-D Tapered Tip},
  booktitle = {53rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN)},
  year = {2009}
}
Chou J, Yu K, Horsley D, Mathai S, Yoxall B, Tan M, Wang S and Wu M (2009), "Electrothermally actuated free space board-to-board optical interconnect with zero power hold", In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International. , pp. 2202-2205.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chou_electrothermally_2009,
  author = {Chou, J.B. and Yu, K. and Horsley, D.A. and Mathai, S. and Yoxall, B. and Tan, M. and Wang, S.Y. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Electrothermally actuated free space board-to-board optical interconnect with zero power hold},
  booktitle = {Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {2202--2205}
}
Hsu H, Lee H, Pautot S, Yu K, Neale S, Ohta A, Jamshidi A, Valley J, Isocaff E and Wu M (2009), "Sorting of differentiated neurons using Phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers for cell replacement therapy of neurodegenerative diseases", In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International. , pp. 1598-1601.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hsu_sorting_2009,
  author = {Hsu, H.Y. and Lee, H. and Pautot, S. and Yu, K. and Neale, S. and Ohta, A.T. and Jamshidi, A. and Valley, J. and Isocaff, E. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Sorting of differentiated neurons using Phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers for cell replacement therapy of neurodegenerative diseases},
  booktitle = {Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1598--1601}
}
Jamshidi A, Hsu H-Y, Valley J, Ohta A, Neale S and Wu M (2009), "Metallic Nanoparticle Manipulation using Optoelectronic Tweezers", In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2009. MEMS 2009. IEEE 22nd International Conference on. , pp. 579-582.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jamshidi_metallic_2009,
  author = {Jamshidi, A. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Valley, J.K. and Ohta, A.T. and Neale, S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Metallic Nanoparticle Manipulation using Optoelectronic Tweezers},
  booktitle = {Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2009. MEMS 2009. IEEE 22nd International Conference on},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {579--582}
}
Jamshidi A, Schuck P, Pauzauskie P, Valley J, Hsu H-Y, Ohta A, Neale S and Wu M (2009), "NanoPen: Light-actuated patterning of nanoparticles", In IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting Series, 2009. , pp. 78-79.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jamshidi_nanopen:_2009,
  author = {Jamshidi, A. and Schuck, P.J. and Pauzauskie, P.J. and Valley, J.K. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Ohta, A.T. and Neale, S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {NanoPen: Light-actuated patterning of nanoparticles},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting Series, 2009},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {78--79}
}
Neale SL, Ohta AT, Hsu H-Y, Valley JK, Jamshidi A and Wu MC (2009), "Force versus position profiles of HeLa cells trapped in phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers", In Proceedings of SPIE. San Jose, CA, USA , pp. 721004-721004-8.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{neale_force_2009,
  author = {Neale, Steven L. and Ohta, Aaron T. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Valley, Justin K. and Jamshidi, Arash and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Force versus position profiles of HeLa cells trapped in phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {721004--721004-8},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v7210/i1/p721004/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.809513}
}
Neale S, Fan Z, Ohta A, Jamshidi A, Valley J, Hsu H, Javey A and Wu M (2009), "Optofluidic assembly of red/blue/green semiconductor nanowires", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2009 and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference. CLEO/QELS 2009. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{neale_optofluidic_2009,
  author = {Neale, S.L. and Fan, Z. and Ohta, A.T. and Jamshidi, A. and Valley, J.K. and Hsu, H.Y. and Javey, A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optofluidic assembly of red/blue/green semiconductor nanowires},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2009 and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference. CLEO/QELS 2009. Conference on},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Neale SL, Hsu H-Y, Valley JK, Jamshidi A and Wu MC (2009), "Using MEMS mirrors to pattern electrical forces", In Proceedings of SPIE. San Jose, CA, USA , pp. 720909-720909-9.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{neale_using_2009,
  author = {Neale, Steven L. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Valley, Justin K. and Jamshidi, Arash and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Using MEMS mirrors to pattern electrical forces},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {720909--720909-9},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v7209/i1/p720909/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.828042}
}
Ohta AT, Garcia M, Lue T and Wu MC (2009), "Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell Manipulation and Sorting", In 4th Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium of Biophotonics. Jeju Island, South Korea, May, 2009. , pp. Paper MOL12.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_optoelectronic_2009,
  author = {Ohta, Aaron T. and Garcia, Maurice and Lue, Tom and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell Manipulation and Sorting},
  booktitle = {4th Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium of Biophotonics},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {Paper MOL12},
  url = {http://www.apbp2009.org/home/main/main.asp}
}
Tien M-C, Yu K, Ohta A, Neale S and Wu M (2009), "Optofluidic assembly of InGaAsP microdisk lasers on Si photonic circuits with submicron alignment accuracy", In Optical Fiber Communication - incudes post deadline papers, 2009. OFC 2009. Conference on. , pp. 1-3.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tien_optofluidic_2009,
  author = {Tien, Ming-Chun and Yu, Kyoungsik and Ohta, A.T. and Neale, S.L. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optofluidic assembly of InGaAsP microdisk lasers on Si photonic circuits with submicron alignment accuracy},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication - incudes post deadline papers, 2009. OFC 2009. Conference on},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--3}
}
Valley J, Hsu H-Y, Neale S, Ohta A, Jamshidi A and Wu M (2009), "Assessment of Single Cell Viability Following Light-Induced Electroporation Through use of On-Chip Microfluidics", In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2009. MEMS 2009. IEEE 22nd International Conference on. , pp. 411-414.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{valley_assessment_2009,
  author = {Valley, J.K. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Neale, S. and Ohta, A.T. and Jamshidi, A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Assessment of Single Cell Viability Following Light-Induced Electroporation Through use of On-Chip Microfluidics},
  booktitle = {Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2009. MEMS 2009. IEEE 22nd International Conference on},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {411--414}
}
Wu M, Jamshidi A, Neale S, Tien M-C, Ohta A and Yu K (2009), "Optoelectronic tweezers — a new parallel optical manipulation tool", In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International. , pp. 1582-1585.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2009,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Jamshidi, A. and Neale, S.L. and Tien, M.-C. and Ohta, A.T. and Yu, K.},
  title = {Optoelectronic tweezers — a new parallel optical manipulation tool},
  booktitle = {Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1582--1585}
}
Wu M (2009), "Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell and Nanoparticle Manipulation", In International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT). Istanbul,TURKEY, September, 2009.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2009-1,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell and Nanoparticle Manipulation},
  booktitle = {International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT)},
  year = {2009}
}
Wu MC (2009), "Optoelectronic Trapping of Cells, Nanowires, and Nanoparticles", In Optical Trapping Applications.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2009-2,
  author = {Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Trapping of Cells, Nanowires, and Nanoparticles},
  booktitle = {Optical Trapping Applications},
  year = {2009}
}
Chiou PY and Wu M (2008), "Manipulating nanoparticles and macromolecules with light patterned microfluidic flow", In 3rd IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2008. NEMS 2008., January, 2008. , pp. 1204-1207.
Abstract: We present a novel light-actuated ac electroosmosis (LACE) mechanism allowing concentrating and transporting micro-, nano-scale particles including macromolecules using light-patterned, dynamically reconfigurable microfluidic vortices on a photoconductive surface. LACE is realized by sandwiching an aqueous liquid medium between a featureless photoconductive surface and a transparent ITO electrode. Under the application of an ac bias with a frequency close to the electric double layer relaxation frequency, a light beam can create a microfluidic vortex flow around the illuminated area through ac electroosmosis. By integrating with a spatial light modulator such as a DMD microdisplay, LACE allows the creation of 31,000 microfluidic vortices on a 1.3 times 1 mm2 area for massively parallel trapping of 2-mum, 1 mum, 500 nm, 200 nm, and 50 nm polystyrene beads. We have also demonstrated LACE concentration and transportation of lambda-phage DNA molecules, and quantum dots.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_manipulating_2008,
  author = {Chiou, P. -Y and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Manipulating nanoparticles and macromolecules with light patterned microfluidic flow},
  booktitle = {3rd IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2008. NEMS 2008},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1204--1207},
  doi = {10.1109/NEMS.2008.4484533}
}
Chou J, Yu K, Horsley D, Mathai S, Yoxall B, Tan M, Wang S and Wu M (2008), "Rugged Board-to-Board Optical Interconnect with Closed-Loop Microlens Scanner", In Hilton Head Workshop 2008: A Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop. Hilton Head Island, SC
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chou_rugged_2008,
  author = {Chou, J.B. and Yu, K. and Horsley, D.A. and Mathai, S. and Yoxall, B. and Tan, M. and Wang, S.Y. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Rugged Board-to-Board Optical Interconnect with Closed-Loop Microlens Scanner},
  booktitle = {Hilton Head Workshop 2008: A Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop},
  year = {2008}
}
Jamshidi A, Ohta AT, Valley JK, Hsu H-Y, Neale SL and Wu MC (2008), "Optofluidics and optoelectronic tweezers", In Proceedings of SPIE. Strasbourg, France , pp. 69930A-69930A-10.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jamshidi_optofluidics_2008,
  author = {Jamshidi, Arash and Ohta, Aaron T. and Valley, Justin K. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Neale, Steven L. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Optofluidics and optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {69930A--69930A-10},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v6993/i1/p69930A/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.787019}
}
Jamshidi A, Pauzauskie P, Ohta A, Huang J, Neale S, Hsu H-Y, Valley J, Yang P and Wu M (2008), "Study of the dipole-dipole interaction between metallic nanowires trapped using optoelectronic tweezers (OET)", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jamshidi_study_2008,
  author = {Jamshidi, A. and Pauzauskie, P.J. and Ohta, A.T. and Jiaxing Huang and Neale, S. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Valley, J. and Peidong Yang and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Study of the dipole-dipole interaction between metallic nanowires trapped using optoelectronic tweezers (OET)},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Lakhani A, Yu K and Wu M (2008), "Subwavelength plasmonic resonator", In Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International. , pp. 299-300.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lakhani_subwavelength_2008,
  author = {Lakhani, A.M. and Kyoungsik Yu and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Subwavelength plasmonic resonator},
  booktitle = {Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {299--300}
}
Lau E, Zhao X, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu M (2008), "80-GHz intrinsic 3-dB bandwidth of directly modulated semiconductor lasers under optical injection locking", In Semiconductor Laser Conference, 2008. ISLC 2008. IEEE 21st International. , pp. 171-172.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_80-ghz_2008,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Xiaoxue Zhao and Chang-Hasnain, C. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {80-GHz intrinsic 3-dB bandwidth of directly modulated semiconductor lasers under optical injection locking},
  booktitle = {Semiconductor Laser Conference, 2008. ISLC 2008. IEEE 21st International},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {171--172}
}
Lau E, Tucker R and Wu M (2008), "Effect of damping and gain compression in purcell-enhanced nanocavity lasers", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_effect_2008,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Tucker, R.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Effect of damping and gain compression in purcell-enhanced nanocavity lasers},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Lau E, Tucker R and Wu M (2008), "Small-signal modulation bandwidth of Purcell-enhanced nanocavity light emitters", In Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International. , pp. 317-318.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_small-signal_2008,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Tucker, R.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Small-signal modulation bandwidth of Purcell-enhanced nanocavity light emitters},
  booktitle = {Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {317--318}
}
Tien M-C, Ohta A, Yu K, Chuang L, Jamshidi A, Neale S, Hou C, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu M (2008), "Hybrid microdisk laser on a silicon platform using lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers assembly", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ming-chun_tien_hybrid_2008,
  author = {Ming-Chun Tien and Ohta, A.T. and Kyoungsik Yu and Chuang, L.C. and Jamshidi, A. and Neale, S. and Chenlu Hou and Chang-Hasnain, C. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Hybrid microdisk laser on a silicon platform using lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers assembly},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Neale SL, Ohta AT, Hsu H-Y, Valley JK, Jamshidi A and Wu MC (2008), "Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) trap stiffness with HeLa cells", In Proceedings of SPIE. San Diego, CA, USA , pp. 70381K-70381K-10.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{neale_optoelectronic_2008,
  author = {Neale, Steven L. and Ohta, Aaron T. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Valley, Justin K. and Jamshidi, Arash and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) trap stiffness with HeLa cells},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {70381K--70381K-10},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v7038/i1/p70381K/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.793899}
}
Neale S and Wu M (2008), "Trap stiffness in negative Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET)", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{neale_trap_2008,
  author = {Neale, S.L. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Trap stiffness in negative Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET)},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Ohta A, Tien M-C, Neale S, Yu K and Wu M (2008), "Assembly of III–V microdisk lasers on silicon using lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers", In Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International. , pp. 181-182.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_assembly_2008,
  author = {Ohta, A.T. and Ming-Chun Tien and Neale, S.L. and Kyoungsik Yu and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Assembly of III–V microdisk lasers on silicon using lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {181--182}
}
Ohta A, Hsu H-Y, Jamshidi A and Wu M (2008), "Optical MEMS and nano-photonics for diagnostics", In Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2008. BioCAS 2008. IEEE. , pp. 345-348.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_optical_2008,
  author = {Ohta, A.T. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Jamshidi, A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optical MEMS and nano-photonics for diagnostics},
  booktitle = {Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2008. BioCAS 2008. IEEE},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {345--348}
}
Ohta A, Tien M-C, Yu K, Neale S and Wu M (2008), "Optofluidic assembly of microdisk lasers on a silicon chip", In IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2008 Digest of the. , pp. 207-208.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_optofluidic_2008,
  author = {Ohta, A.T. and Ming-Chun Tien and Kyoungsik Yu and Neale, S.L. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optofluidic assembly of microdisk lasers on a silicon chip},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2008 Digest of the},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {207--208}
}
Ohta A, Neale S, Hsu H-Y, Valley J and Wu M (2008), "Parallel assembly of nanowires using lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers", In Optical MEMs and Nanophotonics, 2008 IEEE/LEOS Internationall Conference on. , pp. 7-8.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_parallel_2008,
  author = {Ohta, A.T. and Neale, S.L. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Valley, J.K. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Parallel assembly of nanowires using lateral-field optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Optical MEMs and Nanophotonics, 2008 IEEE/LEOS Internationall Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {7--8}
}
Tucker RS, Lau EK and Wu MC (2008), "Small-signal modulation bandwidth of Purcell-enhanced nanocavity light emitters", In IEEE 21st International Semiconductor Laser Conference, 2008. ISLC 2008. , pp. 181-182.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tucker_small-signal_2008,
  author = {Tucker, R. S. and Lau, E. K. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Small-signal modulation bandwidth of Purcell-enhanced nanocavity light emitters},
  booktitle = {IEEE 21st International Semiconductor Laser Conference, 2008. ISLC 2008},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {181--182}
}
Valley J, Hsu H-Y, Ohta A, Neale S, Jamshidi A and Wu M (2008), "In-situ single cell electroporation using optoelectronic tweezers", In Optical MEMs and Nanophotonics, 2008 IEEE/LEOS Internationall Conference on. , pp. 74-75.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{valley_-situ_2008,
  author = {Valley, J.K. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Ohta, A.T. and Neale, S. and Jamshidi, A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {In-situ single cell electroporation using optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Optical MEMs and Nanophotonics, 2008 IEEE/LEOS Internationall Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {74--75}
}
Wu M (2008), "High Speed Modulation of Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers", In Asia Optical Fiber Communication and Optoelectronic Exposition & Conference (AOE)., November, 2008.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_high_2008,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {High Speed Modulation of Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers},
  booktitle = {Asia Optical Fiber Communication and Optoelectronic Exposition & Conference (AOE)},
  year = {2008},
  note = {(Invited Paper)}
}
Wu M, Chang-Hasnain C, Lau E and Zhao X (2008), "High speed modulation of semiconductor lasers", In Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International. , pp. 9-10.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_high_2008-1,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Chang-Hasnain, C. and Lau, E.K. and Xiaoxue Zhao},
  title = {High speed modulation of semiconductor lasers},
  booktitle = {Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2008. i-NOW 2008. International},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {9--10}
}
Wu M, Chang-Hasnain C, Lau E and Zhao X (2008), "High-Speed Modulation of Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers", In Optical Fiber communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2008. OFC/NFOEC 2008. Conference on. , pp. 1-3.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_high-speed_2008,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Chang-Hasnain, C. and Lau, E.K. and Xiaoxue Zhao},
  title = {High-Speed Modulation of Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2008. OFC/NFOEC 2008. Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1--3}
}
Zhang B, Zhao X, Christen L, Parekh D, Hofmann W, Wu MC, Amann MC, Chang-Hasnain CJ and Willner AE (2008), "Adjustable Chirp Injection-Locked 1.55- m VCSELs for Enhanced Chromatic Dispersion Compensation at 10-Gbit/s", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{zhang_adjustable_2008,
  author = {Zhang, B. and Zhao, X. and Christen, L. and Parekh, D. and Hofmann, W. and Wu, M. C. and Amann, M. C. and Chang-Hasnain, C. J. and Willner, A. E.},
  title = {Adjustable Chirp Injection-Locked 1.55- m VCSELs for Enhanced Chromatic Dispersion Compensation at 10-Gbit/s},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference},
  year = {2008}
}
Zhao X, Lau E, Parekh D, Sung H-K, Hofmann W, Amann M, Wu M and Chang-Hasnain C (2008), "107-GHz Resonance Frequency of 1.55-μm VCSELs under ultra-high optical injection locking", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{zhao_107-ghz_2008,
  author = {Zhao, Xiaoxue and Lau, E.K. and Parekh, D. and Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Hofmann, W. and Amann, M.C. and Wu, M.C. and Chang-Hasnain, C.J.},
  title = {107-GHz Resonance Frequency of 1.55-μm VCSELs under ultra-high optical injection locking},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science. CLEO/QELS 2008. Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Chiou S-j, Hsieh T-l, Tsai J-C, Sun C-W, Hah D and Wu M (2007), "A Two-Axis MEMS Scanner Driven by Radial Vertical Combdrive Actuators", In 2007 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics., August, 2007. , pp. 83-84.
Abstract: We report a two-axis MEMS scanner driven by radial vertical combdrive actuators. The device is fabricated by a five-layer polysilicon surface micromachining process. A cross-bar spring structure consisting of lower and upper torsion springs is designed to achieve two rotational degrees of freedom, enabling the dual-axis rotation. Both the vertical comdrive actuators and the torsion springs are hidden underneath the mirror to achieve a small form factor. Mechanical rotation angles of plusmn5.4deg at 42 V and plusmn2.4deg at 63 V are obtained for rotation about the lower and upper springs, respectively.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_two-axis_2007,
  author = {Chiou, Sheng-jie and Hsieh, Tien-liang and Tsai, Jui-Che and Sun, Chia-Wei and Hah, D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A Two-Axis MEMS Scanner Driven by Radial Vertical Combdrive Actuators},
  booktitle = {2007 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {83--84},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2007.4373851}
}
Hsu H, Ohta A, Chiou P, Jamshidi A and Wu M (2007), "Phototransistor-Based Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell Manipulation in Highly Conductive Solution", In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2007. TRANSDUCERS 2007. International. , pp. 477-480.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hsu_phototransistor-based_2007,
  author = {Hsu, H.Y. and Ohta, A.T. and Chiou, P.Y. and Jamshidi, A. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Phototransistor-Based Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell Manipulation in Highly Conductive Solution},
  booktitle = {Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2007. TRANSDUCERS 2007. International},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {477--480}
}
Jamshidi A, Pauzauskie P, Ohta A, Hsu H-Y, Yang P and Wu M (2007), "Semiconductor nanowire manipulation using optoelectronic tweezers", In IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2007. MEMS., January, 2007. , pp. 155-158.
Abstract: We demonstrate, for the first time, the trapping and manipulation of individual Si nanowires by light-induced dielectrophoresis, or optoelectronic tweezers (OET). Trapping of single Si nanowires, with a diameter of 100 nm and length of 15 mum, is reported using OET with an optical power density of 100 W/cm2 . We show that OET can separate two adjacent Si nanowires and transport a single nanowire at a speed of 135 mum/s. Array patterns of Si nanowires have also been demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jamshidi_semiconductor_2007,
  author = {Jamshidi, A and Pauzauskie, P.J. and Ohta, AT. and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Yang, Peidong and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Semiconductor nanowire manipulation using optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2007. MEMS},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {155--158},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2007.4433040}
}
Jamshidi A, Schuck PJ, Pauzauskie PJ, Ohta AT, Hsu HY, Valley J, Yang P and Wu MC (2007), "In situ Raman Measurement of an Individual Silicon Nanowire Trapped Using Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET)", Frontiers in Optics.
BibTeX:
@article{jamshidi_situ_2007,
  author = {Jamshidi, A. and Schuck, P. J. and Pauzauskie, P. J. and Ohta, A. T. and Hsu, H. Y. and Valley, J. and Yang, P. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {In situ Raman Measurement of an Individual Silicon Nanowire Trapped Using Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET)},
  journal = {Frontiers in Optics},
  year = {2007}
}
Lau E, Sung H-K, Zhao X, Parekh D, Chen Y-K, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu M (2007), "Bandwidth Enhancement by Optical Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers", In Microwave Photonics, 2007 IEEE International Topical Meeting on. , pp. 241-244.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_bandwidth_2007,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Hyuk-Kee Sung and Xiaoxue Zhao and Parekh, D. and Young-Kai Chen and Chang-Hasnain, C.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Bandwidth Enhancement by Optical Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers},
  booktitle = {Microwave Photonics, 2007 IEEE International Topical Meeting on},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {241--244}
}
Lau E, Sung H-K, Zhao X, Parekh D, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu M (2007), "Bandwidth Enhancement of Electro-absorption Modulated Lasers by Optical Injection Locking", In Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2007. LEOS 2007. The 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE. , pp. 188-189.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_bandwidth_2007-1,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Hyuk-Kee Sung and Xiaoxue Zhao and Parekh, D. and Chang-Hasnain, C.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Bandwidth Enhancement of Electro-absorption Modulated Lasers by Optical Injection Locking},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2007. LEOS 2007. The 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {188--189}
}
Lau EK, Sung H-K, Zhao X, Parekh D, Chang-Hasnain CJ and Wu MC (2007), "Bandwidth Enhancement by Optical Modulation of Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers", In Frontiers in Optics 2007/Laser Science XXIII/Organic Materials and Devices for Displays and Energy Conversion., September, 2007. , pp. FWS3. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate optical modulation of injection-locked lasers, resulting in a resonant amplification of the transmitted signal. We enhance the 3-dB bandwidth of a 25-GHz electro-optic modulator to textgreater59 GHz and demonstrate the system’s tunability.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_bandwidth_2007-2,
  author = {Lau, Erwin K. and Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Zhao, Xiaoxue and Parekh, Devang and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Bandwidth Enhancement by Optical Modulation of Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers},
  booktitle = {Frontiers in Optics 2007/Laser Science XXIII/Organic Materials and Devices for Displays and Energy Conversion},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {FWS3},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=FiO-2007-FWS3},
  doi = {10.1364/FIO.2007.FWS3}
}
Lee M-CM, Chiu W-C, Yang T-M, Chen C-H and Wu MC (2007), "Low-Loss Silicon Wire Waveguides with 3-D Tapered Couplers Fabricated by Self Profile Transformation", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies., May, 2007. , pp. CTuDD4. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A novel low-loss silicon wire waveguide and 3-D tapered couplers are demonstrated by self profile transformation for the first time. The experimental results show the propagation loss is 2dB/cm and the coupler loss is 1.2dB
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_low-loss_2007,
  author = {Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Chiu, Wei-Chao and Yang, Tse-Ming and Chen, Chin-Hung and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Low-Loss Silicon Wire Waveguides with 3-D Tapered Couplers Fabricated by Self Profile Transformation},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {CTuDD4},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2007-CTuDD4}
}
Ohta A, Jamshidi A, Pauzauskie P, Hsu H-Y, Yang P and Wu M (2007), "Trapping and Transport of Silicon Nanowires Using Lateral-Field Optoelectronic Tweezers", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007. CLEO 2007. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_trapping_2007,
  author = {Ohta, A.T. and Jamshidi, A. and Pauzauskie, P.J. and Hsan-Yin Hsu and Peidong Yang and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Trapping and Transport of Silicon Nanowires Using Lateral-Field Optoelectronic Tweezers},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007. CLEO 2007. Conference on},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Sung H-K, Lau E, Zhao X, Parekh D, Chang-Hasnain C and Wu M (2007), "Optically Injection-Locked Optoelectronic Oscillators with Low RF Threshold Gain", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007. CLEO 2007. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sung_optically_2007,
  author = {Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Lau, E.K. and Zhao, Xiaoxue and Parekh, D. and Chang-Hasnain, C.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optically Injection-Locked Optoelectronic Oscillators with Low RF Threshold Gain},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007. CLEO 2007. Conference on},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Tien M-C, Mathai S, Yao J and Wu MC (2007), "Tunable MEMS actuated microring resonators", In Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, 2007 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on. , pp. 177–178. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tien_tunable_2007,
  author = {Tien, Ming-Chun and Mathai, Sagi and Yao, Jin and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Tunable MEMS actuated microring resonators},
  booktitle = {Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, 2007 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {177–178},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4373898}
}
Wu M (2007), "Optoelectronic Tweezers for Manipulation of Cells and Nanowires", In Electron Devices Meeting, 2007. IEDM 2007. IEEE International. , pp. 847-850.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2007,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers for Manipulation of Cells and Nanowires},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 2007. IEDM 2007. IEEE International},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {847--850}
}
Wu M (2007), "Optoelectronic Tweezers for Nanomanipulation", In Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2007. i-NOW '07. International. , pp. 30-31.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2007-1,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers for Nanomanipulation},
  booktitle = {Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2007. i-NOW '07. International},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {30--31}
}
Wu M and Chiou P (2007), "Optoelectronic Tweezers", In 13th MICROOPTICS CONFERENCE (MOC). Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan, October, 2007.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2007-2,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Chiou, P.Y.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers},
  booktitle = {13th MICROOPTICS CONFERENCE (MOC)},
  year = {2007}
}
Wu M, Yao J and Lee M-C (2007), "Silicon Microresonators with MEMS-Actuated Tunable Couplers", In Group IV Photonics, 2007 4th IEEE International Conference on. , pp. 1-3.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_silicon_2007,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Jin Yao and Ming-Chang Lee},
  title = {Silicon Microresonators with MEMS-Actuated Tunable Couplers},
  booktitle = {Group IV Photonics, 2007 4th IEEE International Conference on},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {1--3}
}
Yao J and Wu M (2007), "Bandwidth-Tunable Add-Drop Filters Based on MEMS-Actuated Single-Crystalline Silicon Microtoroidal Resonators", In Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007. CLEO 2007. Conference on. , pp. 1-2.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yao_bandwidth-tunable_2007,
  author = {Yao, Jin and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Bandwidth-Tunable Add-Drop Filters Based on MEMS-Actuated Single-Crystalline Silicon Microtoroidal Resonators},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007. CLEO 2007. Conference on},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {1--2}
}
Yao J, Leuenberger D and Wu MC (2007), "Characterization of quality-factor tunable integrated silicon microtoroidal resonators", In Proceedings of SPIE. San Jose, CA, USA , pp. 647502-647502-8.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yao_characterization_2007,
  author = {Yao, Jin and Leuenberger, David and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Characterization of quality-factor tunable integrated silicon microtoroidal resonators},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {647502--647502-8},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v6475/i1/p647502/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.699847}
}
Zhao X, Parekh D, Lau EK, Sung H-K, Wu MC and Chang-Hasnain CJ (2007), "Cascaded Injection-Locked 1.55-µm VCSELs for High-Speed Transmission", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies., May, 2007. , pp. CPDA10. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We demonstrate high-speed laser transmitters with low-frequency components using a novel cascaded injection-locking scheme. Tailorable RF response with bandwidth about 52 GHz can be obtained by adjusting locking parameters of the two slave lasers independently.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{zhao_cascaded_2007,
  author = {Zhao, Xiaoxue and Parekh, Devang and Lau, Erwin K. and Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Wu, Ming C. and Chang-Hasnain, Connie J.},
  title = {Cascaded Injection-Locked 1.55-µm VCSELs for High-Speed Transmission},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {CPDA10},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2007-CPDA10}
}
Zhao X, Parekh D, Lau E, Sung H-K, Wu M and Chang-Hasnain C (2007), "High-Speed Laser Transmitters Using Cascaded Optical Injection Locking", In Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2007. i-NOW '07. International. , pp. 196-197.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{zhao_high-speed_2007,
  author = {Zhao, Xiaoxue and Parekh, D. and Lau, E. and Hyuk-Kee Sung and Wu, M.C. and Chang-Hasnain, C.J.},
  title = {High-Speed Laser Transmitters Using Cascaded Optical Injection Locking},
  booktitle = {Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop, 2007. i-NOW '07. International},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {196--197}
}
Zhao X, Parekh D, Sung H-K, Lau E, Wu M and Chang-Hasnain C (2007), "Optoelectronic Oscillator Using Injection-Locked VCSELs", In Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2007. LEOS 2007. The 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE. , pp. 190-191.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{zhao_optoelectronic_2007,
  author = {Zhao, Xiaoxue and Parekh, D. and Hyuk-Kee Sung and Lau, E. and Wu, M.C. and Chang-Hasnain, C.J.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Oscillator Using Injection-Locked VCSELs},
  booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2007. LEOS 2007. The 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {190--191}
}
Chi C-H and Wu MC (2006), "Monolithic wavelength-selective switches and cross connects with integrated MEMS mirror array", In Proceedings of SPIE. Boston, MA, USA , pp. 63760G-63760G-10.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chi_monolithic_2006,
  author = {Chi, Chao-Hsi and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Monolithic wavelength-selective switches and cross connects with integrated MEMS mirror array},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {63760G--63760G-10},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v6376/i1/p63760G/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.687121}
}
Chi C-H, Tsai J-C, Hah D, Mathai S, Lee M-CM and Wu MC (2006), "Silicon-Based Monolithic 4x4 Wavelength-Selective Cross Connect with On-Chip Micromirrors", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference., March, 2006. , pp. OTuF1. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A monolithic 4x4 wavelength-selective cross-connect (chip area = 3.2x4.6 cmtextasciicircum2) is realized by integrating four 4x1 MEMS wavelength-selective switches and four 1x4 passive splitters, together with a 4x4 waveguide shuffle network on a silicon-on-insulator. Wavelength-selective routing has been successfully demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chi_silicon-based_2006,
  author = {Chi, Chao-Hsi and Tsai, Jui-Che and Hah, Dooyoung and Mathai, Sagi and Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Silicon-Based Monolithic 4x4 Wavelength-Selective Cross Connect with On-Chip Micromirrors},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {OTuF1},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2006-OTuF1}
}
Chi C-H, Hou C, Lee C-H, Hah D and Wu M (2006), "Silicon-Based On-Chip Micromirrors for DWDM Wavelength-Selective Crossconnects", In IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006., August, 2006. , pp. 130-131.
Abstract: We report on a silicon-based on-chip micromirror array for monolithic wavelength-selective crossconnects. The 75-mum mirror pitch matches to the DWDM grids with 100 GHz spacing. A maximum mechanical scan angle of 6.5 degree has been achieved
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chi_silicon-based_2006-1,
  author = {Chi, Chao-Hsi and Hou, Chenlu and Lee, Chi-Hung and Hah, D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Silicon-Based On-Chip Micromirrors for DWDM Wavelength-Selective Crossconnects},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {130--131},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2006.1708299}
}
J.Shah G, Chiou P-Y, Gong J, Ohta A, Chou J, C.Wu M, Kim C-J, C.Wu M and Kim C-J (2006), "Integrating Optoelectronic Tweezers for Individual Particle Manipulation with Digital Microfluidics Using Electrowetting-On-Dielectric (EWOD)", In 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2006. MEMS 2006 Istanbul. , pp. 130-133.
Abstract: Not Available
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{j.shah_integrating_2006,
  author = {J.Shah, Gaurav and Chiou, Pei-Yu and Gong, Jian and Ohta, AT. and Chou, J.B. and C.Wu, Ming and Kim, Chang-Jin and C.Wu, Ming and Kim, Chang-Jin},
  title = {Integrating Optoelectronic Tweezers for Individual Particle Manipulation with Digital Microfluidics Using Electrowetting-On-Dielectric (EWOD)},
  booktitle = {19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2006. MEMS 2006 Istanbul},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {130--133},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2006.1627753}
}
Lau E, Sung H-K and Wu M (2006), "Ultra-high, 72 GHz resonance frequency and 44 GHz bandwidth of injection-locked 1.55-/spl mu/m DFB lasers", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OFC 2006., March, 2006. , pp. 3 pp.-.
Abstract: We demonstrate record high resonance frequency (72 GHz) and record broadband performance (44 GHz) for 1.55-mum direct-modulated distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers under strong optical injection locking. The frequency response above 50 GHz is measured directly using optical heterodyne detection
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_ultra-high_2006,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Ultra-high, 72 GHz resonance frequency and 44 GHz bandwidth of injection-locked 1.55-/spl mu/m DFB lasers},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OFC 2006},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {3 pp.--},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.2006.215716}
}
Leuenberger D, Yao J, Lee M-CM and Wu MC (2006), "Experimental Demonstration of MEMS-Tunable Slow Light in Silicon Microdisk Resonators", In Slow and Fast Light., July, 2006. , pp. TuC6. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We present slow light pulse propagation in MEMS-tunable microdisks at telecom wavelength for the first time. Furthermore we obtain delays up to 94 ps, a slowdown factor of 700, and a delay-bandwidth product of 0.5.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{leuenberger_experimental_2006,
  author = {Leuenberger, David and Yao, Jin and Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Experimental Demonstration of MEMS-Tunable Slow Light in Silicon Microdisk Resonators},
  booktitle = {Slow and Fast Light},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {TuC6},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=SL-2006-TuC6},
  doi = {10.1364/SL.2006.TuC6}
}
Ohta AT, Chiou P-Y and Wu MC (2006), "Optically controlled manipulation of live cells using optoelectronic tweezers", In Proceedings of SPIE. San Diego, CA, USA , pp. 632617-632617-11.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_optically_2006,
  author = {Ohta, Aaron T. and Chiou, Pei-Yu and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Optically controlled manipulation of live cells using optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {632617--632617-11},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/PSISDG/v6326/i1/p632617/s1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.679710}
}
Ohta A, Chiou P-Y, Jamshidi A, Hsu H-Y, Wu M, Phan H, Sherwood S, Yang J and Lau A (2006), "Spatial cell discrimination using optoelectronic tweezers", In LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2006 Digest of the. , pp. 23-24.
Abstract: The difference in dielectric properties of live HeLa and Jurkat cells are used to spatially discriminate the cells using optoelectronic tweezers. Spatial discrimination is verified by fluorescent tagging of the Jurkat cells
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_spatial_2006,
  author = {Ohta, AT. and Chiou, Pei-Yu and Jamshidi, A and Hsu, Hsan-Yin and Wu, M.C. and Phan, H.L. and Sherwood, S.W. and Yang, J.M. and Lau, AN.K.},
  title = {Spatial cell discrimination using optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2006 Digest of the},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {23--24},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOSST.2006.1693962}
}
Sung H-K, Lau EK and Wu MC (2006), "Near-Single Sideband Modulation in Strong Optical Injection Locked Semiconductor Lasers", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference., March, 2006. , pp. JThB26. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: Asymmetric modulation sidebands have been demonstrated by controlling frequency detuning of strong optical injection-locked semiconductor lasers. Near-single sideband generated by the technique significantly reduces fiber chromatic-dispersion effect with enhanced modulation bandwidth.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sung_near-single_2006,
  author = {Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Lau, Erwin K. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Near-Single Sideband Modulation in Strong Optical Injection Locked Semiconductor Lasers},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {JThB26},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2006-JThB26}
}
Wu MC, Chiou P-Y and Ohta AT (2006), "Dynamic Optoelectronic Tweezers for Particle and Cell Manipulation", In LEOS Annual 2006. Montreal, Canada
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_dynamic_2006,
  author = {Wu, Ming C. and Chiou, Pei-Yu and Ohta, Aaron T.},
  title = {Dynamic Optoelectronic Tweezers for Particle and Cell Manipulation},
  booktitle = {LEOS Annual 2006},
  year = {2006}
}
Wu MC (2006), "Optoelectronic Tweezers-Optical Manipulation Using LEDs and Spatial Light Modulators (Invited)", In SOLID STATE DEVICES AND MATERIALS. Vol. 2006, pp. 838.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2006,
  author = {Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Optoelectronic Tweezers-Optical Manipulation Using LEDs and Spatial Light Modulators (Invited)},
  booktitle = {SOLID STATE DEVICES AND MATERIALS},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {2006},
  pages = {838}
}
Wu M, Chiou P-Y and Ohta A (2006), "Optoelectronic tweezers for particle and cell manipulation", In LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2006 Digest of the. , pp. 1-2.
Abstract: Optoelectronic tweezers is a new tool for parallel optical manipulation of colloids and cells. Using a digital projector to pattern dynamic virtual electrodes on a photoconductive surface, we demonstrate parallel trapping, transporting, and sorting of micro/bio-particles
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_optoelectronic_2006-1,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Chiou, Pei-Yu and Ohta, AT.},
  title = {Optoelectronic tweezers for particle and cell manipulation},
  booktitle = {LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2006 Digest of the},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {1--2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOSST.2006.1693951}
}
Yao J, Leuenberger D, Lee M-CM and Wu M (2006), "Silicon Microtoroidal Resonators with Integrated MEMS Tunable Optical Coupler", In IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006., August, 2006. , pp. 17-18.
Abstract: A single crystalline silicon microtoroidal resonator with integrated MEMS tunable optical coupler is demonstrated for the first time. The coupling coefficient is continuously tuned from almost zero up to 13.3%
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yao_silicon_2006,
  author = {Yao, Jin and Leuenberger, David and Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Silicon Microtoroidal Resonators with Integrated MEMS Tunable Optical Coupler},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {17--18},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2006.1708243}
}
Yao J, Lee M-CM, Leuenberger D and Wu MC (2006), "Wavelength- and Bandwidth-Tunable Filters Based on MEMS-Actuated Microdisk Resonators", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference., March, 2006. , pp. OTuM1. Optical Society of America.
Abstract: A wavelength- and bandwidth-tunable filter with microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)-actuated waveguides is first demonstrated on a silicon-based microdisk resonator. Integrated microheaters enabled wavelength tuning up to 125GHz. Bandwidth can be tuned from 12.0 to 41.2GHz by coupling control.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yao_wavelength-_2006,
  author = {Yao, Jin and Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Leuenberger, David and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Wavelength- and Bandwidth-Tunable Filters Based on MEMS-Actuated Microdisk Resonators},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {OTuM1},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2006-OTuM1}
}
Chi C-H, Tsai J-C, Lee M-CM, Hah D and Wu M (2005), "Integrated 1 times;4 wavelength-selective switch with on-chip MEMS micromirrors", In Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 2005. QELS '05., May, 2005. Vol. 3, pp. 1732-1734 vol. 3.
Abstract: A monolithic 1×4 wavelength-selective switch is realized by integrating silicon planar lightwave circuits and MEMS micromirrors on silicon-on-insulator (1.4×2 cm2) for CWDM networks with 20-nm spacing.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chi_integrated_2005,
  author = {Chi, Chao-Hsi and Tsai, Jui-Che and Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Hah, D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Integrated 1 times;4 wavelength-selective switch with on-chip MEMS micromirrors},
  booktitle = {Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 2005. QELS '05},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1732--1734 vol. 3},
  doi = {10.1109/QELS.2005.1549264}
}
Chi C-H, Tsai J-C, Hah D, Jeong K-H and Wu M (2005), "Solid-immersion micromirror with enhanced angular deflection for silicon-based planar lightwave circuits", In IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2005., August, 2005. , pp. 131-132.
Abstract: We report on a MEMS-based on-chip solid-immersion micromirror (SIM), which provides enhanced angular deflection and reduced diffraction loss. The SIM is driven by rotary comb-drive actuators. Maximum mechanical scan angle of 8 degree is achieved
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chi_solid-immersion_2005,
  author = {Chi, Chao-Hsi and Tsai, Jui-Che and Hah, D. and Jeong, K.-H. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Solid-immersion micromirror with enhanced angular deflection for silicon-based planar lightwave circuits},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2005},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {131--132},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2005.1540113}
}
Chiou P, Ohta A and Wu M (2005), "Continuous optical sorting of HeLa cells and microparticles using optoelectronic tweezers", In IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2005., August, 2005. , pp. 83-84.
Abstract: We demonstrate an automatic optical sorting technique that combines video image analysis, pattern recognition, and adaptive optoelectronic tweezers (OET) actuation on a continuously moving chip. This tool is capable of sorting cells and particles according to their visual characteristics at the single-cell level
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_continuous_2005,
  author = {Chiou, P.Y. and Ohta, AT. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Continuous optical sorting of HeLa cells and microparticles using optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2005},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {83--84},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2005.1540088}
}
Chiou P-Y, Ohta A and Wu M (2005), "Microvison-activated automatic optical manipulator for microscopic particles [microvison read microvision]", In 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2005. MEMS 2005., January, 2005. , pp. 682-685.
Abstract: We have demonstrated an automatic optical manipulator that integrates microvision-based pattern recognition and optoelectronic tweezers (OET) for processing microscopic particles. This system automatically recognizes the positions and sizes of randomly distributed particles and creates direct image patterns to trap and transport the selected particles to form a predetermined pattern. By integrating the OET with a programmable digital micromirror device display (DMD), we are able to generate 0.8 million pixels of virtual electrodes over an effective area of 1.3 mm × 1 mm. Each virtual electrode is individually controllable for parallel manipulation of a large number of microscopic particles. Combining the automatic microvision analysis technology with the powerful optical manipulator, this system greatly increases the functionality and reduces the processing time for microparticle manipulation.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_microvison-activated_2005,
  author = {Chiou, Pei-Yu and Ohta, AT. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Microvison-activated automatic optical manipulator for microscopic particles [microvison read microvision]},
  booktitle = {18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2005. MEMS 2005},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {682--685},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2005.1454021}
}
Lee M-CM and Wu M (2005), "A reconfigurable add-drop filter using mems-actuated microdisk resonator", In IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2005., August, 2005. , pp. 67-68.
Abstract: A novel vertically coupled tunable microdisk resonator with integrated MEMS tunable optical couplers is demonstrated. A reconfigurable add-drop filter based on this device shows an extinction ratio of 20 dB
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_reconfigurable_2005,
  author = {Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A reconfigurable add-drop filter using mems-actuated microdisk resonator},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2005},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {67--68},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2005.1540080}
}
Lee M-CM, Yao J and Wu M (2005), "Silicon profile transformation and sidewall roughness reduction using hydrogen annealing", In 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2005. MEMS 2005., January, 2005. , pp. 596-599.
Abstract: We report on a comprehensive study of the 3D profile transformation process for microstructures on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. Using hydrogen annealing, single crystalline microspheres (1 μm radius), micropillars, and circular cantilever beams have been successfully demonstrated. The annealed Si exhibits a surface roughness of 0.26 nm. A theoretical model is presented for the mass transport process, and the parametric dependence on temperature and pressure is characterized. We have used this process to fabricate submicrometer single mode optical waveguides on SOI and achieved a very low optical loss of 0.2 cm-1.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_silicon_2005,
  author = {Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Yao, Jin and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Silicon profile transformation and sidewall roughness reduction using hydrogen annealing},
  booktitle = {18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2005. MEMS 2005},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {596--599},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2005.1454000}
}
Lee M-CM and Wu M (2005), "Vertically-coupled MEMS microdisks for tunable optical delays and dynamic dispersion compensation", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2005. (CLEO)., May, 2005. Vol. 1, pp. 434-436.
Abstract: Rapidly tunable chromatic dispersion is realized by vertically-coupled microdisk resonators with MEMS-actuated deformable waveguides. Group delays (27 to 65 ps) and dispersions (185 to 1200 ps/nm) are continuously tuned by voltage (textless35 V)
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_vertically-coupled_2005,
  author = {Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Vertically-coupled MEMS microdisks for tunable optical delays and dynamic dispersion compensation},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2005. (CLEO)},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {434--436},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.2005.201804}
}
Sung H-K, Lau E, Wu M, Tishinin D, KY L and Tsang W (2005), "Large-signal analog modulation response of monolithic optical injection-locked DFB lasers", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2005. (CLEO)., May, 2005. Vol. 2, pp. 1025-1027 Vol. 2.
Abstract: A monolithic optical injection-locked distributed feedback laser with bent-waveguide is demonstrated to achieve large optical extinction ratio (textgreater12 dB) with DC to 2-GHz bandwidth. The extinction ratio is 6 dB higher than that of the free-running laser.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sung_large-signal_2005,
  author = {Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Lau, E.K. and Wu, M.C. and Tishinin, D. and KY, Liou and Tsang, W.T.},
  title = {Large-signal analog modulation response of monolithic optical injection-locked DFB lasers},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2005. (CLEO)},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1025--1027 Vol. 2},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.2005.202012}
}
Wu MC (2005), "Novel applications of MOEMS display and imaging", In Proceedings of SPIE. San Jose, CA, USA , pp. 1-10.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_novel_2005,
  author = {Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Novel applications of MOEMS display and imaging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {1--10},
  url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/5715/1/1&Agg=doi},
  doi = {10.1117/12.608014}
}
Chi C-H, Yao J, Tsai J-C, Wu M and Okamoto K (2004), "Compact 1x8 MEMS optical switches using planar lightwave circuits", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004., February, 2004. Vol. 2, pp. 3 pp. vol.2-.
Abstract: A compact 1/spl times/8 optical switch is realized by directly butt-coupling a MEMS mirror to a planar lightwave circuit (PLC). A cylindrical microlens is microfabricated on PLC to reduce diffraction loss. A fiber-to-fiber loss of 6.3 dB is measured.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chi_compact_2004,
  author = {Chi, Chao-Hsi and Yao, Jin and Tsai, Jui-Che and Wu, M.C. and Okamoto, K.},
  title = {Compact 1x8 MEMS optical switches using planar lightwave circuits},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {3 pp. vol.2--}
}
Chiou PY, Wong W, Liao J and Wu M (2004), "Cell addressing and trapping using novel optoelectronic tweezers", In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2004. 17th IEEE International Conference on. (MEMS). , pp. 21 - 24.
Abstract: We present novel optoelectronic tweezers (OET) that are capable of trapping and transporting multiple biological cells. This is based on a new mechanism called light induced dielectrophoresis proposed by our group. OET allows a focused optical beam to create a virtual electrode on a photoconductive surface, producing a highly non-uniform electric field. This enables optical addressing of dielectrophoresis forces with a spatial resolution of sim;1 mu;m. The optical intensity required is three orders of magnitudes lower than that of conventional optical tweezers. By scanning the laser beam, the trapped cells can be moved to any position on a 2D surface. Experimentally, we have successfully demonstrated the concentration and transport of multiple E. coli cells using a HeNe laser with a focused spot size of 17 mu;m. Optical power as low as 8 mu;W is sufficient trap the E coli cells.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_cell_2004,
  author = {Chiou, Pei Yu and Wong, Wilson and Liao, J.C. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Cell addressing and trapping using novel optoelectronic tweezers},
  booktitle = {Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2004. 17th IEEE International Conference on. (MEMS)},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {21 -- 24},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMS.2004.1290512}
}
Lau E and Wu M (2004), "Amplitude and frequency modulation of the master laser in injection-locked laser systems", In 2004 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2004. MWP'04., October, 2004. , pp. 142-145.
Abstract: We explore the effects of modulating the master laser in injection-locked systems. We experimentally and theoretically discovered an intrinsic conversion of master FM into slave AM. We have modified the current theory to model the frequency response for residual amplitude modulation (RAM) suppression, FM efficiency, and FM-to-AM conversion.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lau_amplitude_2004,
  author = {Lau, E.K. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Amplitude and frequency modulation of the master laser in injection-locked laser systems},
  booktitle = {2004 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2004. MWP'04},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {142--145},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.2004.1396857}
}
Lee M-CM, Mathai S and Wu M (2004), "Dynamic dispersion compensator using MEMS-actuated microdisk resonators", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)., May, 2004. Vol. 2, pp. 3 pp. vol.2-.
Abstract: A novel dynamic dispersion compensator has been realized using MEMS microdisks with variable power-coupling ratio. The coupling is controlled by varying waveguide-disk spacing. A group velocity dispersion tuning range of 400 ps/nm has been achieved experimentally.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_dynamic_2004,
  author = {Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Mathai, S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Dynamic dispersion compensator using MEMS-actuated microdisk resonators},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {3 pp. vol.2--}
}
Ohta AT, Chiou PY and Wu MC (2004), "Dynamic DMD-driven optoelectronics tweezers for microscopic particle manipulation", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). IEEE. Part vol.1, 2004, pp.3 pp. vol.1. Piscataway, NJ, USA..
Abstract: We demonstrate dynamic manipulation of microscopic particles using a DMD-produced projection image in an optoelectronics tweezers system. Single-particle trapping and movement (up to 40 mu m/sec) via optically-induced dielectrophoresis were observed. (5 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ohta_dynamic_2004,
  author = {Ohta, A. T. and Chiou, P. Y. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Dynamic DMD-driven optoelectronics tweezers for microscopic particle manipulation},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). IEEE. Part vol.1, 2004, pp.3 pp. vol.1. Piscataway, NJ, USA.},
  year = {2004}
}
Patterson PR, Hah D, Fujino M, Piyawattanametha W and Wu MC (2004), "Scanning micromirrors: an overview" Vol. 5604, pp. 195-207.
Abstract: An overview of the current state of the art in scanning micromirror technology for switching, imaging, and beam steering applications is presented. The requirements that drive the design and fabrication technology are covered. Electrostatic, electromagnetic, and magnetic actuation techniques are discussed as well as the motivation toward combdrive configurations from parallel plate configurations for large diameter (mm range) scanners. Suitability of surface micromachining, bulk micromachining, and silicon on insulator (SOI) micromachining technology is presented in the context of the length scale and performance for given scanner applications.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{patterson_scanning_2004,
  author = {Patterson, Pamela R. and Hah, Dooyoung and Fujino, Makoto and Piyawattanametha, Wibool and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Scanning micromirrors: an overview},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {5604},
  pages = {195--207},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.582849},
  doi = {10.1117/12.582849}
}
Piyawattanametha W, Fan L, Hsu S, Fujino M, Wu M, Herz P, Aguirre A, Chen Y and Fujimoto J (2004), "Two-dimensional endoscopic MEMS scanner for high resolution optical coherence tomography", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)., May, 2004. Vol. 1, pp. 3 pp. vol.1-.
Abstract: High resolution OCT is demonstrated with a novel two-dimensional MEMS scanner employing comb-drive actuation. Imaging is demonstrated with a Cr/sup 4+/:forsterite laser and high-speed scanning to achieve /spl sim/5 /spl mu/m axial resolution at up to 20 frames/sec.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{piyawattanametha_two-dimensional_2004,
  author = {Piyawattanametha, W. and Fan, L. and Hsu, S. and Fujino, M. and Wu, M.C. and Herz, P.R. and Aguirre, AD. and Chen, Y. and Fujimoto, J.G.},
  title = {Two-dimensional endoscopic MEMS scanner for high resolution optical coherence tomography},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {3 pp. vol.1--}
}
Sung H-K, Jung T, Tishinin D, Liou K-Y, Tsang W and Wu M (2004), "Optical injection-locked gain-lever distributed Bragg reflector lasers with enhanced RF performance", In 2004 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2004. MWP'04., October, 2004. , pp. 225-228.
Abstract: Directly modulated fiber-optic links offers significant advantages in system cost and complexity. However, they often suffer from high link loss and inferior RF performance compared with externally modulated links. In this paper, we have experimentally investigated the amplitude modulation (AM) efficiency, modulation bandwidth, and the nonlinear distortions of a directly-modulated gain-lever distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser under external light injection for the first time. By combining gain-lever modulation with optical injection locking, increased modulation efficiency (10 dB) and bandwidth (3 times) as well as suppressed third-order intermodulation distortion (15 dB) have been achieved simultaneously.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sung_optical_2004,
  author = {Sung, H.-K. and Jung, T. and Tishinin, D. and Liou, K-Y and Tsang, W.T. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Optical injection-locked gain-lever distributed Bragg reflector lasers with enhanced RF performance},
  booktitle = {2004 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2004. MWP'04},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {225--228},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.2004.1396880}
}
Tsai J-C and Wu M (2004), "1xN2 wavelength-selective switches with tilted 2D collimator arrays for inter-channel-response suppression", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)., May, 2004. Vol. 1, pp. 3 pp. vol.1-.
Abstract: A 1times wavelength-selective switch (WSS) with a 2-axis analog micromirror array and a tilted 2D fiber collimator array has been successfully demonstrated to suppress inter-channel response. 8.2 dB suppression is obtained at 20deg tilting
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tsai_1xn2_2004,
  author = {Tsai, Jui-Che and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {1xN2 wavelength-selective switches with tilted 2D collimator arrays for inter-channel-response suppression},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004. (CLEO)},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {3 pp. vol.1--}
}
Tsai J-C and Wu M (2004), "1xN2 wavelength-selective switches with high fill-factor two-axis analog micromirror arrays", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004., February, 2004. Vol. 1, pp. 125-.
Abstract: A 1/spl times/N/sup 2/ wavelength-selective switch is demonstrated using a high fill-factor two-axis analog micromirror array and a monolithic 2D collimator array. A 1/spl times/2 (scalable to 1/spl times/14 ) WSS with 50-GHz channel spacing is experimentally demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tsai_1xn2_2004-1,
  author = {Tsai, Jui-Che and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {1xN2 wavelength-selective switches with high fill-factor two-axis analog micromirror arrays},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {125--}
}
Tsai J-C, Huang S and Wu M (2004), "High fill-factor two-axis analog micromirror array for 1 times;N2 wavelength-selective switches", In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2004. 17th IEEE International Conference on. (MEMS). , pp. 101-104.
Abstract: We report on a two-axis analog micromirror array with high fill factor (96 and large mechanical scan angles (±4.4° and ±3.4°). To our knowledge, this is the highest linear fill factor ever reported for two-axis analog micromirror arrays. A 1×14 wavelength-selective switch (WSS) was also demonstrated using the mirror array. This is the largest number of port count ever reported for WSS. The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is 8.2 dB. Switching of textless2 msec has been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tsai_high_2004,
  author = {Tsai, Jui-Che and Huang, S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {High fill-factor two-axis analog micromirror array for 1 times;N2 wavelength-selective switches},
  booktitle = {Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2004. 17th IEEE International Conference on. (MEMS)},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {101--104},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMS.2004.1290532}
}
Tsai J-C, Fan L, Chi C-h, Hah D and Wu MC (2004), "A large port-count 1*32 wavelength-selective switch using a large scan-angle, high fill-factor, two-axis analog micromirror array", In 30th European Conference on Optical Communication. ECOC 2004.. Stockholm, Sweden Vol. 2, pp. 152-3. Royal Inst. of Technol. Kista, Sweden..
Abstract: A large port-count 1*32 wavelength-selective switch (WSS) using a high-fill-factor, large-scan-angle two-axis analog micromirror array is presented. The channel spacing is 100 GHz. An insertion loss of [left angle bracket]5.67 dB has been achieved. (8 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tsai_large_2004,
  author = {Tsai, Jui-Che and Fan, Li and Chi, Chao-hsi and Hah, Dooyoung and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {A large port-count 1*32 wavelength-selective switch using a large scan-angle, high fill-factor, two-axis analog micromirror array},
  booktitle = {30th European Conference on Optical Communication. ECOC 2004.},
  publisher = {Royal Inst. of Technol. Kista, Sweden.},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {152--3}
}
Yao J, Lee M-CM and Wu M (2004), "1550-nm superprism demultiplexers in 2-D silicon-on-insulator slabs", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004., February, 2004. Vol. 2, pp. 3 pp. vol.2-.
Abstract: Superprism phenomena are demonstrated in the 1550 nm range with SOI-based 2D photonic crystal slab. An angular swing of up to 10/spl deg/ is observed as the input wavelength is changed from 1528 nm to 1557 nm.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yao_1550-nm_2004,
  author = {Yao, Jin and Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {1550-nm superprism demultiplexers in 2-D silicon-on-insulator slabs},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {3 pp. vol.2--}
}
Chiou P-Y, Chang Z and Wu M (2003), "Light actuated microfluidic devices", In IEEE The Sixteenth Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2003. MEMS-03 Kyoto., January, 2003. , pp. 355-358.
Abstract: A light-actuated microfluidic device has been successfully fabricated to inject, move, separate, and merge liquid droplets with nano-liter volumes. Light actuation is realized by sandwiching the liquid droplets between two photosensitive surfaces whose wettability can be changed by light. By integrating a photoconductor with an electrowetting electrode, the surface tension at the liquid/solid interface above the electrode can be modified by shining an optical beam on the photoconductor. The surface tension change is reversible and has a fast response time (millisecond). The liquid droplets follow the optical beam path up to a speed of 78 nm/sec. All optical actuation for complete liquid droplet functions has been achieved. Simultaneous manipulation of multiple droplets is also demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_light_2003,
  author = {Chiou, Pei-Yu and Chang, Zehao and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Light actuated microfluidic devices},
  booktitle = {IEEE The Sixteenth Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2003. MEMS-03 Kyoto},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {355--358},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2003.1189759}
}
Chiou PY, Chang Z and Wu M (2003), "A novel optoelectronic tweezer using light induced dielectrophoresis", In Optical MEMS, 2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on., August, 2003. , pp. 8 - 9.
Abstract: We demonstrate a novel optoelectronic tweezer using light induced dielectrophoresis mechanism to optically trap and transport micro particles with optical power in the mu;W range. This device consists of two pattern-less surfaces: a bottom glass substrate coated with photoconductive material and a top transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass. To achieve optical trapping, we sandwich the liquid-immersed micro particles between these two surfaces and supply an ac electric bias. A 633-nm He-Ne laser focused by a 40x objective lens is used to transport the particles. Negative dielectrophoretic trapping is demonstrated in this paper. Our experiment results show that optical beam with power as low as 1 mu;W is sufficient to transport 25- mu;m-diameter latex particles at a speed of 4.5 mu;m/sec. The transport speed increases with higher optical power. A maximum speed of 397 mu;m/sec is observed at 100 mu;W.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chiou_novel_2003,
  author = {Chiou, Pei Yu and Chang, Zehao and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A novel optoelectronic tweezer using light induced dielectrophoresis},
  booktitle = {Optical MEMS, 2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {8 -- 9},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2003.1233441}
}
Fujino M, Patterson P, Nguyen H, Piyawattanametha W and Wu M (2003), "Cascaded micromirror pair driven by angular vertical combs for two-axis scanning", In 2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS., August, 2003. , pp. 99-100.
Abstract: Monolithically cascaded one-axis micromirrors driven by angular vertical combs are designed and fabricated. Using "W"-shape ray optics, we demonstrate two-axis scanning covering ±6.0° two-dimensional area at resonant modes: 7.5 kHz, ±17 V in fast-scanning mirror, 1.2 kHz, ±7 V in slow-scanning mirror.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fujino_cascaded_2003,
  author = {Fujino, M. and Patterson, P.R. and Nguyen, H. and Piyawattanametha, W. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Cascaded micromirror pair driven by angular vertical combs for two-axis scanning},
  booktitle = {2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {99--100},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2003.1233486}
}
Jung T, Sung H-K, Wu M, Tishinin D, Tanbun-Ek T, Liou K-Y and Tsang WT (2003), "Demonstration of monolithic optical injection locking using a two section DFB laser", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2003. CLEO '03., June, 2003. , pp. 3 pp.-.
Abstract: A simplified monolithic optical injection locking system using a two section DFB laser is demonstrated. The operating wavelength of the two sections is current tuned to achieve optical injection locking; when locked the modulation bandwidth is increased from 10 GHz to 23 GHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jung_demonstration_2003,
  author = {Jung, T. and Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Wu, M.C. and Tishinin, D. and Tanbun-Ek, T. and Liou, K-Y and Tsang, W. T.},
  title = {Demonstration of monolithic optical injection locking using a two section DFB laser},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2003. CLEO '03},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {3 pp.--}
}
Lee M-CM and Wu M (2003), "A MEMS-actuated tunable microdisk resonator", In 2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS., August, 2003. , pp. 28-29.
Abstract: A novel tunable microdisk resonator with integrated MEMS actuator to alter coupling gap is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The fabricated device shows a transmittance change about 8 dB and a quality factor of 6200.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_mems-actuated_2003,
  author = {Lee, Ming-Chang M. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A MEMS-actuated tunable microdisk resonator},
  booktitle = {2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {28--29},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2003.1233451}
}
Piyawattanametha W, Patterson P, Hah D, Toshiyoshi H and Wu M (2003), "A 2D scanner by surface and bulk micromachined vertical comb actuators", In 2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS., August, 2003. , pp. 93-94.
Abstract: We present the design, fabrication, and demonstration of a fully decoupled 2D gimbal scanner with angular vertical comb (AVC) actuators. The device is realized by combining a foundry surface-micromachining process (MUMPs) with a 3-mask deep-reactive-ion- etching (DRIE) post process. Surface-micromachining provides versatile mechanical design and electrical interconnect while bulk micromachining offers flat micromirrors and high-force actuators. The scanner achieves DC mechanical scanning ranges of ±6.2° (at 55 Vdc) and ±4.1° (at 50 Vdc) for the inner and outer gimbals, respectively. The 1-mm mirror has a radius of curvature of 40 cm.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{piyawattanametha_2d_2003,
  author = {Piyawattanametha, W. and Patterson, P.R. and Hah, D. and Toshiyoshi, H. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A 2D scanner by surface and bulk micromachined vertical comb actuators},
  booktitle = {2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {93--94},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2003.1233483}
}
Schultz JF, Taubman MS, Harper WW, Williams RM, Myers TL, Cannon BD, Sheen DM, Anheier Norman C. J, Allen PJ, Sundaram SK, Johnson BR, Aker PM, Wu MC and Lau EK (2003), "Quantum cascade transmitters for ultrasensitive chemical agent and explosives detection" Vol. 4999, pp. 1-18.
Abstract: The small size, high power, promise of access to any wavelength between 3.5 and 16 microns, substantial tuning range about a chosen center wavelength, and general robustness of quantum cascade (QC) lasers provide opportunities for new approaches to ultra-sensitive chemical detection and other applications in the mid-wave infrared. PNNL is developing novel remote and sampling chemical sensing systems based on QC lasers, using QC lasers loaned by Lucent Technologies. In recent months laboratory cavity-enhanced sensing experiments have achieved absorption sensitivities of 8.5 x 10-11 cm-1 Hz-1/2, and the PNNL team has begun monostatic and bi-static frequency modulated, differential absorption lidar (FM DIAL) experiments at ranges of up to 2.5 kilometers. In related work, PNNL and UCLA are developing miniature QC laser transmitters with the multiplexed tunable wavelengths, frequency and amplitude stability, modulation characteristics, and power levels needed for chemical sensing and other applications. Current miniaturization concepts envision coupling QC oscillators, QC amplifiers, frequency references, and detectors with miniature waveguides and waveguide-based modulators, isolators, and other devices formed from chalcogenide or other types of glass. Significant progress has been made on QC laser stabilization and amplification, and on development and characterization of high-purity chalcogenide glasses, waveguide writing techniques, and waveguide metrology.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{schultz_quantum_2003,
  author = {Schultz, John F. and Taubman, Matthew S. and Harper, Warren W. and Williams, Richard M. and Myers, Tanya L. and Cannon, Bret D. and Sheen, David M. and Anheier, Norman C., Jr. and Allen, Paul J. and Sundaram, S. K. and Johnson, Bradley R. and Aker, Pamela M. and Wu, Ming C. and Lau, Erwin K.},
  title = {Quantum cascade transmitters for ultrasensitive chemical agent and explosives detection},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {4999},
  pages = {1--18},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.485542},
  doi = {10.1117/12.485542}
}
Sung H-K, Jung T, Wu M, Tishinin D, Tanbun-Ek T, Liou K-Y and Tsang W (2003), "Modulation bandwidth enhancement and nonlinear distortion suppression in directly modulated monolithic injection-locked DFB lasers", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2003. MWP 2003 Proceedings., September, 2003. , pp. 27-30.
Abstract: We have experimentally investigated the dynamic performance and the suppression of nonlinear distortions of a monolithic optical injection-locked distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The master and the slave lasers are monolithically integrated in a single strip of strongly coupled DFB laser. Optical injection locking is achieved by current tuning. The resonant frequency of the laser is increased from 11 GHz to 23 GHz, and nonlinear distortions are suppressed by more than 15 dB.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sung_modulation_2003,
  author = {Sung, H.-K. and Jung, T. and Wu, M.C. and Tishinin, D. and Tanbun-Ek, T. and Liou, K-Y and Tsang, W.T.},
  title = {Modulation bandwidth enhancement and nonlinear distortion suppression in directly modulated monolithic injection-locked DFB lasers},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2003. MWP 2003 Proceedings},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {27--30},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.2003.1422816}
}
Sung H-K, Jung T, Wu M, Tishinin D, Liou K-Y and Tsang WT (2003), "Optical generation of millimeter-waves using monolithic sideband injection locking of a two-section DFB laser", In The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2003. LEOS 2003., October, 2003. Vol. 2, pp. 1005-1006 vol.2.
Abstract: A novel optical millimeter-wave generation using sideband injection locking is demonstrated using monolithic two-section DFB lasers. The tunable millimeter-wave is generated by adjusting the RF-modulation frequency and bias currents.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sung_optical_2003,
  author = {Sung, Hyuk-Kee and Jung, T. and Wu, M.C. and Tishinin, D. and Liou, K-Y and Tsang, W. T.},
  title = {Optical generation of millimeter-waves using monolithic sideband injection locking of a two-section DFB laser},
  booktitle = {The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2003. LEOS 2003},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1005--1006 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.2003.1253147}
}
Tong DTK, Wu M and Dijaili S (2003), "Intrinsic intermodulation distortion characteristics of linear optical amplifier", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2003. CLEO '03., June, 2003. , pp. 3 pp.-.
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the use of Linear Optical Amplifier (LOA) in microwave photonic systems and its intrinsic intermodulation distortion characteristics. Amplifier-induced spurious-free dynamic range (textgreater100 dB-Hz/sup 2/3/) is obtained for the first tune.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tong_intrinsic_2003,
  author = {Tong, D. T K and Wu, M.C. and Dijaili, S.M.},
  title = {Intrinsic intermodulation distortion characteristics of linear optical amplifier},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2003. CLEO '03},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {3 pp.--}
}
Tsai J-C, Huang S, Hah D and Wu M (2003), "1xN2 wavelength-selective switch with telescope-magnified 2D input/output fiber collimator array", In 2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS., August, 2003. , pp. 45-46.
Abstract: A 2D (6×6) fiber collimator array with a telescope beam expander is incorporated into a 1×N2 wavelength-selective switch (WSS) to achieve high port count. The 1× N2 WSS is realized using two cross-scanning 1-axis analog micromirror arrays in a 4-f optical system. We have achieved a 1× 9 WSS with a channel spacing of 160 GHz, a fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 14 dB and a switching time of textless 1 msec.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tsai_1xn2_2003,
  author = {Tsai, Jui-Che and Huang, S. and Hah, D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {1xN2 wavelength-selective switch with telescope-magnified 2D input/output fiber collimator array},
  booktitle = {2003 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {45--46},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2003.1233459}
}
Tsai J-C, Huang S, Hah D and Wu M (2003), "Analog micromirror arrays with orthogonal scanning directions for wavelength-selective 1XN2 switches", In TRANSDUCERS, Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 12th International Conference on, 2003., June, 2003. Vol. 2, pp. 1776-1779 vol.2.
Abstract: A new high-port-count wavelength selective switch has been realized using two cross-scanning 1-axis analog micromirror arrays in a 4-f optical system. The number of output ports is increased from N to N/sup 2/, where N is the maximum linear port count limited by optical diffraction. Using surface-micromachined micromirrors with hidden vertical combdrives, large scan angles (textgreater/spl plusmn/5/spl deg/ mechanical), low drive voltages (7 V), and high fill factors (textgreater96.25 are achieved for both scanning mirrors. Experimental results of our 1/spl times/8 (3/spl times/3 collimator array) wavelength-selective switch are also reported. A fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 6 dB and a switching time of textless 700 /spl mu/sec have been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tsai_analog_2003,
  author = {Tsai, Jui-Che and Huang, S. and Hah, D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Analog micromirror arrays with orthogonal scanning directions for wavelength-selective 1XN2 switches},
  booktitle = {TRANSDUCERS, Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 12th International Conference on, 2003},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1776--1779 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217130}
}
Fan L, Gloeckner S, Dobblelaere PD, Patra S, Reiley D, King C, Yeh T, Gritters J, Gutierrez S, Loke Y, Harburn M, Chen R, Kruglick E, Wu M and Husain A (2002), "Digital MEMS switch for planar photonic crossconnects", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 2002. OFC 2002., March, 2002. , pp. 93-94.
Abstract: In conclusion we have demonstrated fully nonblocking 16×16 switches in a single chip solution using MEMS fabricated by a surface micro-machining. We have shown how the critical mechanical elements of the MEMS-cell have been chosen to achieve large mechanical movement, high angular repeatability of the movement, and high reliability of the actuation mechanism, which translated into low loss and high reliability of the packaged component. Test results for these components have been presented.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_digital_2002,
  author = {Fan, Li and Gloeckner, S. and Dobblelaere, P. D. and Patra, S. and Reiley, D. and King, C. and Yeh, T. and Gritters, J. and Gutierrez, S. and Loke, Y. and Harburn, M. and Chen, R. and Kruglick, E. and Wu, M. and Husain, A},
  title = {Digital MEMS switch for planar photonic crossconnects},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 2002. OFC 2002},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {93--94},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.2002.1036227}
}
Hah D, Huang S, Nguyen H, Chang H, Wu MC and Toshiyoshi H (2002), "A low voltage, large scan angle MEMS micromirror array with hidden vertical comb-drive actuators for WDM routers", In Optical Fiber Communications Conference. (OFC).. Vol. Part 1, pp. 92-3. Postconference Technical Digest (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37339). Opt Soc. America. Washington, DC, USA..
Abstract: A MEMS micromirror array with hidden vertical comb-drive actuator and springs has been successfully demonstrated. The devices were fabricated using SUMMiT-V process. The fabricated micromirror showed large optical scan angle (24 degrees ) and low actuation voltage (9 V). The fill-factor of the micromirror array was as high as 91 Applications of the micromirror array for WDM routers are also discussed. (6 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hah_low_2002,
  author = {Hah, Dooyoung and Huang, S. and Nguyen, Hung and Chang, Hsin and Wu, M. C. and Toshiyoshi, H.},
  title = {A low voltage, large scan angle MEMS micromirror array with hidden vertical comb-drive actuators for WDM routers},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communications Conference. (OFC).},
  publisher = {Postconference Technical Digest (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37339). Opt Soc. America. Washington, DC, USA.},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {Part 1},
  pages = {92--3},
  url = {file:///C:/Program%20Files/EndNote%208/Libraries/Publications.Data/Dooyoung%20-%20A%20low%20voltage,%20large%20scan%20angle%20MEMS%20micromirror%20array%20with%20hidden%20vertical.pdf}
}
Huang S, Tsai J-c, Hah D, Toshiyoshi H and Wu MC (2002), "Open-loop operation of MEMS WDM routers with analog micromirror array", In IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS (Cat. No.02EX610).. Lugano, Switzerland , pp. 179-80. IEEE. Piscataway, NJ, USA..
Abstract: We report on the optical performance for a reconfigurable WDM router implemented by a low-voltage analog micromirror array. The system exhibits an optical insertion loss of 5 dB and a flat-top spectral response. Both the device and the system exhibit excellent repeatability ([left angle bracket]0.12 and stability ([left angle bracket]0.16 for open-loop operation. (4 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{huang_open-loop_2002,
  author = {Huang, S. and Tsai, Jui-che and Hah, Dooyoung and Toshiyoshi, H. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Open-loop operation of MEMS WDM routers with analog micromirror array},
  booktitle = {IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS (Cat. No.02EX610).},
  publisher = {IEEE. Piscataway, NJ, USA.},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {179--80},
  url = {file:///C:/Program%20Files/EndNote%208/Libraries/Publications.Data/Huang%20-%20Open-loop%20operation%20of%20MEMS%20WDM%20Routers%20w%20Anallog%20Micromirror%20Array.pdf}
}
Lee MCM, Hah D, Lau EK, Wu MC and Toshiyoshi H (2002), "Nano-electro-mechanical photonic crystal switch", In Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf.. Vol. 1, pp. 94-5. IEEE.
Abstract: We present the first electro-mechanical nanophotonic optical switch. A bi-state photonic band gap (PBG) structure was dynamically driven by a MEMS actuator to control the light propagation. An extinction ratio of 11 dB was demonstrated between the transmission state and reflection state for 1.56 mum wavelength (9 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_nano-electro-mechanical_2002,
  author = {Lee, M. C. M. and Hah, D. and Lau, E. K. and Wu, M. C. and Toshiyoshi, H.},
  title = {Nano-electro-mechanical photonic crystal switch},
  booktitle = {Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf.},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {94--5},
  url = {file://C:Documents and SettingsWU-PCMy DocumentsMy PublicationsNew Publications.DataLeeOFC02 Tunable 1-D DBR-2180817156/LeeOFC02 Tunable 1-D DBR.pdf}
}
Leong KMKH, Murthy S, Kaneda N, Qian Y, Wu M and Itoh T (2002), "Planar antennas for microwave photonics", In 2001 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2001. MWP '01., January, 2002. , pp. 219-222.
Abstract: Planar antennas are often called upon to bridge the gap between the photonics and microwave fields. Design of such antennas requires a culmination of knowledge acquired from the study of both research areas. This paper discusses the authors' efforts in the design of novel planar antenna structures for microwave-photonics applications, which stress a high level of integration of photonics and microwave components.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{leong_planar_2002,
  author = {Leong, K. M K H and Murthy, S.S. and Kaneda, N. and Qian, Y. and Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T.},
  title = {Planar antennas for microwave photonics},
  booktitle = {2001 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2001. MWP '01},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {219--222},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.2002.981835}
}
Murthy S, Jung T, Wu M, Wang Z and Hsin W (2002), "Linearity improvement in photodetectors by using index-matching layer extensions", In The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2002. LEOS 2002., November, 2002. Vol. 2, pp. 424-425 vol.2.
Abstract: Uniform photocurrent densities can be achieved in waveguide photodetectors by tailoring the extension length of an index-matching layer in front of the diode. We demonstrate up to 9 dB improvement in RF linearity at 20 GHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{murthy_linearity_2002,
  author = {Murthy, S. and Jung, T. and Wu, M.C. and Wang, Z. and Hsin, W.},
  title = {Linearity improvement in photodetectors by using index-matching layer extensions},
  booktitle = {The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2002. LEOS 2002},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {424--425 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159360}
}
Patterson PR, Hah D, Lee MMC, Tsai JC and Wu MC (2002), "Recent advances in optical MEMS devices and systems" Vol. 4788, pp. 1-8.
Abstract: We have developed novel optical micro-electro-mechanical systems, (MEMS) and nano-electro-mechanical, (NEMS) optical components for applications including imaging, switching, and optical integrated circuits. This paper provides an overview of current optical MEMS/NEMS research projects in our integrated photonics laboratory at UCLA. Three optical MEMS/NEMS devices: a large, 1 mm diameter, scanning micromirror for imaging applications, an analog micromirror array for network switching applications, and a nanoscale photonic crystal switch for integrated photonic circuit applications will be described.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{patterson_recent_2002,
  author = {Patterson, Pamela R. and Hah, Dooyoung and Lee, Mark M. C. and Tsai, Jui Che and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Recent advances in optical MEMS devices and systems},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {4788},
  pages = {1--8},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453712},
  doi = {10.1117/12.453712}
}
Patterson P, Hah D, Nguyen H, Toshiyoshi H, Chao R-m and Wu M (2002), "A scanning micromirror with angular comb drive actuation", In The Fifteenth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2002., January, 2002. , pp. 544-547.
Abstract: Describes a single crystal silicon, 1/spl times/1 mm/sup 2/, scanning micromirror, which incorporates a novel angular vertical comb drive actuator. Results from our model for the angular vertical comb show that a 50% higher scan angle can be achieved when compared to a staggered vertical comb of equivalent dimensions. The simplified, cost effective, silicon on insulator micro-electromechanical systems, (SOI MEMS), process features self-alignment of the fixed and moving teeth and is fabricated on a single SOI wafer. Static deflection for our fabricated device fits well with the model and a resonant mode optical scan angle of /spl plusmn/18/spl deg/ at 1.4 kHz has been measured.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{patterson_scanning_2002,
  author = {Patterson, P.R. and Hah, Dooyoung and Nguyen, Hung and Toshiyoshi, H. and Chao, Ru-min and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A scanning micromirror with angular comb drive actuation},
  booktitle = {The Fifteenth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2002},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {544--547},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2002.984329}
}
Wu M, Patterson P, Hah D, Lee M-C, Huang S and Tsai J-C (2002), "Advanced MEMS for photonics", In Device Research Conference, 2002. 60th DRC. Conference Digest., June, 2002. , pp. 13-16.
Abstract: Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) is a key enabling technology for many new all optical network elements in next-generation photonic networks. With intensive efforts from industry in the last five years, many of these new photonic MEMS components have now moved from research laboratories into commercial reality. Examples include 2D and 3D MEMS optical switches, and wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM). In the meantime, research laboratories continue to develop newer photonic MEMS components and technologies. In this talk, we review the state of the art of photonic MEMS components and systems, and describe the development of new photonic MEMS research at UCLA.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_advanced_2002,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Patterson, P.R. and Hah, D. and Lee, M.-C.M. and Huang, S. and Tsai, J.-C.},
  title = {Advanced MEMS for photonics},
  booktitle = {Device Research Conference, 2002. 60th DRC. Conference Digest},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {13--16},
  doi = {10.1109/DRC.2002.1029486}
}
Wu MC, Hah D, Huang S and Tsai JC (2002), "MEMS photonic devices and their applications", In Technical Digest. Seventh Optoelectronics and Communications Conference. Vol. 1, pp. 38-9. IEICE. Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract: We review the recent advances in photonic MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) devices and systems, and report on the experimental results of our new analog micromirror arrays and MEMS WDM routers. (7 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_mems_2002,
  author = {Wu, M. C. and Hah, D. and Huang, S. and Tsai, J. C.},
  title = {MEMS photonic devices and their applications},
  booktitle = {Technical Digest. Seventh Optoelectronics and Communications Conference},
  publisher = {IEICE. Tokyo, Japan},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {38--9}
}
Wu M, Tsai J-C, Huang S and Hah D (2002), "MEMS WDM routers using analog micromirror arrays", In The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2002. LEOS 2002., November, 2002. Vol. 2, pp. 582-583 vol.2.
Abstract: We report on the recent progresses in our MEMS wavelength-division-multiplexed routers with a 1D array of analog micromirrors for wavelength-selective switching among multiple fibers.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_mems_2002-1,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Tsai, Jui-Che and Huang, S. and Hah, Dooyoung},
  title = {MEMS WDM routers using analog micromirror arrays},
  booktitle = {The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2002. LEOS 2002},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {582--583 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159441}
}
Wu M, Hah D, Patterson P and Toshiyoshi H (2002), "Microelectromechanical scanning devices for optical networking applications", In Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2002. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC. 2002 IEEE International., February, 2002. Vol. 2, pp. 288-510.
Abstract: Not Available
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_microelectromechanical_2002,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Hah, Dooyoung and Patterson, P.R. and Toshiyoshi, H.},
  title = {Microelectromechanical scanning devices for optical networking applications},
  booktitle = {Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2002. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC. 2002 IEEE International},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {288--510},
  doi = {10.1109/ISSCC.2002.992258}
}
Fan S-K, Kim C-J, Paik J-A, Dunn B, Patterson P and Wu M (2001), "MEMS with thin-film aerogel", In The 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2001. MEMS 2001., January, 2001. , pp. 122-125.
Abstract: This paper reports the first successful incorporation of aerogel thin films for MEMS fabrication. We developed the photolithography procedures and various surface micromachining methods for highly porous thin films. The development is verified with micro bridges, cantilevers, and membranes made of aerogel thin films, completing the entire procedures for two aerogel thin films, silica and alumina. Also discussed will be the new opportunities that aerogel MEMS bring about.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_mems_2001,
  author = {Fan, Shih-Kang and Kim, Chang-Jin and Paik, Jong-Ah and Dunn, B. and Patterson, P.R. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {MEMS with thin-film aerogel},
  booktitle = {The 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2001. MEMS 2001},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {122--125},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2001.906494}
}
Narasimha A, Meng XJ, Wu M and Yablonovitch E (2001), "Full optical spectral utilization by microwave domain filtering of tandem single sidebands", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 2001. OFC 2001., March, 2001. Vol. 3, pp. WDD44-WDD44.
Abstract: We present an optical tandem single sideband receiver that eliminates the need for guardbands between adjacent WDM channels, while also receiving signals that have different data on the two sidebands of the same optical carrier.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{narasimha_full_2001,
  author = {Narasimha, A and Meng, Xue Jun and Wu, M.C. and Yablonovitch, E.},
  title = {Full optical spectral utilization by microwave domain filtering of tandem single sidebands},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 2001. OFC 2001},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {WDD44--WDD44}
}
Nguyen H, Su J-D, Toshiyoshi H and Wu M (2001), "Device transplant of optical MEMS for out of plane beam steering", In The 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2001. MEMS 2001., January, 2001. , pp. 325-328.
Abstract: We report on a substantially improved process for which an array of optical MEMS devices (MOEMS) are batch transferred onto a quartz wafer such that through wafer beam scanning can be achieved. MEMS optical scanners are successfully fabricated, transferred, and actuated for out-of-plane beam steering. DC transfer curves of control devices on silicon and those transferred on quartz exhibit similar pull in voltages of 135 V and 142 V respectively. Similarly, resonance for control device peaked at 1.1 kHz while transferred devices exhibit higher resonance at 1.2 kHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{nguyen_device_2001,
  author = {Nguyen, H. and Su, J.G.-D. and Toshiyoshi, H. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Device transplant of optical MEMS for out of plane beam steering},
  booktitle = {The 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2001. MEMS 2001},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {325--328},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2001.906544}
}
Piyawattanametha W, Patterson PR, Su GDJ, Toshiyoshi H and Wu MC (2001), "A MEMS non-interferometric differential confocal scanning optical microscope", In TRANSDUCERS '01. EUROSENSORS XV. 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators.. Munich, Germany Vol. 1, pp. 590-3. Digest of Technical Papers. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany..
Abstract: This paper describes a novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) non-interferometric differential confocal scanning optical microscope. It consists of a single mode fiber aperture, a 450*450 mu m/sup 2/ 2-D scanner, and a 1.8-mm-diameter graded index objective lens. We have achieved a lateral resolution of 1.6 mu m and a field of view of 60*60 mu m/sup 2/. A depth resolution of 0.6 mu m is achieved in differential mode. The MEMS confocal microscope is very compact and suitable for endoscopic imaging applications. (14 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{piyawattanametha_mems_2001,
  author = {Piyawattanametha, W. and Patterson, P. R. and Su, G. D. J. and Toshiyoshi, H. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {A MEMS non-interferometric differential confocal scanning optical microscope},
  booktitle = {TRANSDUCERS '01. EUROSENSORS XV. 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators.},
  publisher = {Digest of Technical Papers. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {590--3}
}
Su JG, Patterson PR and Wu MC (2001), "Surface-micromachined 2D optical scanners with optically flat single-crystalline silicon micromirrors" Vol. 4293, pp. 46-53.
Abstract: We have developed a novel wafer-scale single-crystalline silicon micromirror bonding process to fabricate optically flat micromirrors on polysilicon surface-micromachined 2D scanners. The electrostatically actuated 2D scanner has a mirror area of 450 micrometers x 450 micrometers and an optical scan angle of +/- ±7.5 degree(s). Compared to micromirrors made with a standard polysilicon surface-micromachining process, the radius of curvature of the micromirror has been improved by 1 50 times from 1.8 cm to 265 cm, with surface roughness textless 10 nm. Besides, single-crystalline honeycomb micromirrors derived from silicon on insulator (SOI) have been developed to reduce the mass of the bonded mirror.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{su_surface-micromachined_2001,
  author = {Su, John G. and Patterson, Pamela R. and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Surface-micromachined 2D optical scanners with optically flat single-crystalline silicon micromirrors},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {4293},
  pages = {46--53},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.426942},
  doi = {10.1117/12.426942}
}
Cappelluti F, Mathai S, Wu MC and Ghione G (2000), "Balanced Electroabsorption Modulator for High-Linearity, Low-Noise Microwave Analog Optical Link"
BibTeX:
@article{cappelluti_balanced_2000,
  author = {Cappelluti, Federica and Mathai, S. and Wu, M. C. and Ghione, Giovanni},
  title = {Balanced Electroabsorption Modulator for High-Linearity, Low-Noise Microwave Analog Optical Link},
  year = {2000},
  url = {http://amsacta.unibo.it/224/}
}
Cappelluti F, Mathai S, Wu M and Ghione G (2000), "Balanced electroabsorption modulated RF photonic link", In 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe, 2000. Conference Digest., September, 2000. , pp. 1 pp.-.
Abstract: Summary form only given. We propose a novel balanced RF link using a balanced electroabsorption modulator (B-EAM) that simultaneously cancels relative intensity noise, added amplified spontaneous emission noise, all even-order distortions, and 3/sup rd/ order distortions. The B-EAM can be monolithically integrated with a DFB laser and SOA, allowing the possibility of all semiconductor RF lightwave transmitters to achieve ultra-wide spurious free dynamic range and low noise figure.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{cappelluti_balanced_2000-1,
  author = {Cappelluti, F. and Mathai, S. and Wu, M.C. and Ghione, G.},
  title = {Balanced electroabsorption modulated RF photonic link},
  booktitle = {2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe, 2000. Conference Digest},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {1 pp.--},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909918}
}
Islam M, Nespola A, Yeahia M, Wu M, Sivco D and Cho A (2000), "Correlation between the failure mechanism and dark currents of high power photodetectors", In IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 2000 Annual Meeting. LEOS 2000. 13th Annual Meeting. Vol. 1, pp. 82-83 vol.1.
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the role of dark current on the failure mechanism of high power photodiodes. A theoretical model built to fit the experimental data indicates that the effective barrier height and the dark current are the fundamental parameters in the failure mechanism
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_correlation_2000,
  author = {Islam, M.S. and Nespola, A and Yeahia, M. and Wu, M.C. and Sivco, D.L. and Cho, AY.},
  title = {Correlation between the failure mechanism and dark currents of high power photodetectors},
  booktitle = {IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 2000 Annual Meeting. LEOS 2000. 13th Annual Meeting},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {82--83 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.2000.890684}
}
Islam M, Jung T, Itoh T, Wu M, Sivco D and Cho Y (2000), "Velocity-matched distributed photodetectors with p-i-n photodiodes", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2000. MWP 2000. , pp. 217-220.
Abstract: We report on the first demonstration of velocity-matched distributed p-i-n photodetectors. A record high linear DC photocurrent of 45 mA has been achieved without suffering from thermal damage, thanks to the superior power handling capability of p-i-n photodiodes. The frequency response is flat from 1 GHz to 35 GHz
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_velocity-matched_2000,
  author = {Islam, M.S. and Jung, T. and Itoh, T. and Wu, M.C. and Sivco, D.L. and Cho, Y.},
  title = {Velocity-matched distributed photodetectors with p-i-n photodiodes},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 2000. MWP 2000},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {217--220},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.2000.889827}
}
Murthy S, Jung T, Chau T, Wu M, Sivco D and Cho A (2000), "A novel parallelly-fed traveling wave photodetector with integrated MMI power splitter", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2000., March, 2000. Vol. 2, pp. 281-283 vol.2.
Abstract: We present a novel velocity matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) with an integrated power splitter to achieve high saturation current. A multimode interference power splitter is used to distribute power equally to the individual detectors of the device, thus increasing the heat induced damage limit. The device is made of MSM type diodes.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{murthy_novel_2000,
  author = {Murthy, S. and Jung, T. and Chau, T. and Wu, M.C. and Sivco, D.L. and Cho, AY.},
  title = {A novel parallelly-fed traveling wave photodetector with integrated MMI power splitter},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2000},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {281--283 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.2000.868312}
}
Narasimha A, Meng X, Wu M and Yablonovitch E (2000), "A "tandem" single sideband fiber-optic system using a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2000. (CLEO 2000)., May, 2000. , pp. 95-96.
Abstract: Summary form only given.Optical single sideband modulation has received great interest as a way to reduce the dispersion penalty of analog fiber-optic systems. We propose and demonstrate a tandem single sideband fiber-optic link, which uses a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator to place different information in each of the two sidebands, thus doubling the bandwidth efficiency.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{narasimha_tandem_2000,
  author = {Narasimha, A and Meng, X.J. and Wu, M.C. and Yablonovitch, E.},
  title = {A "tandem" single sideband fiber-optic system using a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2000. (CLEO 2000)},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {95--96},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.2000.906770}
}
Nguyen H, Patterson P, Toshiyoshi H and Wu M (2000), "A substrate-independent wafer transfer technique for surface-micromachined devices", In The Thirteenth Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2000. MEMS 2000., January, 2000. , pp. 628-632.
Abstract: We report on a new wafer transfer technique that can remove and transfer surface-micromachined layers to application-specific substrates. This process, however, is not limited to only MEMS devices and can be applicable to other semiconductor devices. Successful transfer of a 1 cm×1 cm MEMS chip with electrostatically actuated curled cantilever switches to a transparent quartz substrate has been demonstrated. Pull-in voltage for transferred devices is 31 V compared with 23 V for devices on standard silicon substrates
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{nguyen_substrate-independent_2000,
  author = {Nguyen, H. and Patterson, P. and Toshiyoshi, H. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A substrate-independent wafer transfer technique for surface-micromachined devices},
  booktitle = {The Thirteenth Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2000. MEMS 2000},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {628--632},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.2000.838591}
}
Piyawattanametha W, Toshiyoshi H, LaCosse J and Wu M (2000), "Surface-micromachined confocal scanning optical microscope", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2000. (CLEO 2000)., May, 2000. , pp. 447-448.
Abstract: Summary form only given.The confocal scanning microscope (CSM) can create high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of thick and light-scattering objects from successive acquisition of 2D images through its optical sectioning property. This capability allows us to develop a micro-optical-endoscope for high-quality in vivo imaging of living tissue. The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) approach has shown great promise to produce miniaturized CSMs by batch fabrication. We propose a novel surface micromachined 2D scanner to extend the performance of CSMs. This microscope is called surface-micromachined confocal scanning optical microscope (CSOM).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{piyawattanametha_surface-micromachined_2000,
  author = {Piyawattanametha, W. and Toshiyoshi, H. and LaCosse, J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Surface-micromachined confocal scanning optical microscope},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2000. (CLEO 2000)},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {447--448},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.2000.907232}
}
SAIF ISLAM M, CHAU T, ITOH T, WU MC, SIVCO DL and CHO AY (2000), "DISTRIBUTED BALANCED PHOTODETECTOR FOR RF PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS", International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems., March, 2000. Vol. 10(01), pp. 281-297.
Abstract: A novel velocity-matched distributed balanced photodetector operating at 1.3 and 1.55 μm wavelengths has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Distributed absorption and velocity matching of the optical and microwave signals are employed to achieve high saturation photocurrent. The velocity matching between the incident optical wave and the output microwave signal allows the detector length and effective absorption volume to increase without penalizing the bandwidth. A common-mode rejection ratio greater than 27 dB has been achieved over a wide range of photocurrents. More than 24-dB suppression of the relative intensity noise of the laser source and EDFA added noise has been achieved in a broadband RF link experiment. Shot-noise limited performance has been achieved with significant improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio over a wide range of frequencies and phase mismatch of input RF signals. The experimental results indicate that the distributed balanced photodetector will have a major impact on most RF photonic systems with its superior potential of reaching very high power levels.
BibTeX:
@article{saif_islam_distributed_2000,
  author = {SAIF ISLAM, M. and CHAU, TAI and ITOH, TATSUO and WU, MING C. and SIVCO, DEBORAH L. and CHO, ALFRED Y.},
  title = {DISTRIBUTED BALANCED PHOTODETECTOR FOR RF PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS},
  journal = {International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {01},
  pages = {281--297},
  url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0129156400000313},
  doi = {10.1142/S0129156400000313}
}
Wu M (2000), "Micromechanical photonic integrated circuits", In IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 2000 Annual Meeting. LEOS 2000. 13th Annual Meeting. Vol. 1, pp. 58-59 vol.1.
Abstract: The ability to integrate micro-optical elements with movable structures and microactuators has opened up many new opportunities for optical and optoelectronic systems. It allows us to manipulate optical beams more effectively than conventional methods, and is scalable to large optical systems. Optical MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) have applications in display, sensing, and optical data storage. Recently, telecommunications have become the market driver for optical MEMS. Many different kinds of devices and systems have been reported, including optical switches, optical crossconnect wavelength division add/drop multiplexers, tunable filters/lasers/detectors, dispersion compensators and polarization dispersion compensators
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_micromechanical_2000,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Micromechanical photonic integrated circuits},
  booktitle = {IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 2000 Annual Meeting. LEOS 2000. 13th Annual Meeting},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {58--59 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.2000.890672}
}
Wu M and Toshiyoshi H (2000), "Recent advances in micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS)", In 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe, 2000. Conference Digest., September, 2000. , pp. 1 pp.-.
Abstract: Summary form only. The ability to integrate micro-optical elements with movable structures and microactuators has opened up many new opportunities for optical and optoelectronic systems. It allows us to manipulate optical beams more effectively than conventional methods, and is scalable to large optical systems. This new family of devices and systems is generally called Optical MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) or micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS). MOEMS have applications in display, sensing, and optical data storage.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_recent_2000,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Toshiyoshi, H.},
  title = {Recent advances in micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS)},
  booktitle = {2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe, 2000. Conference Digest},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {1 pp.--},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910011}
}
Wu M (2000), "Surface-micromachined photonic integrated circuits", In 2000 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS. , pp. 3-4.
Abstract: Summary form only given. Surface-micromachining technology offers many advantages for implementing optical MEMS. It is versatile; many different types of optical MEMS devices can be fabricated by the same process. This enables monolithic integration of an entire free-space optical system onto a single chip. In the past several years, we have shown that refractive and diffractive microlenses, micropositioners with multiple degrees of freedom (e.g., rotary or XYZ stages), and precision microactuators can be fabricated by standard three-layer polysilicon surface-micromachining processes
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_surface-micromachined_2000,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Surface-micromachined photonic integrated circuits},
  booktitle = {2000 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {3--4},
  doi = {10.1109/OMEMS.2000.879599}
}
Chau T, Kaneda N, Jung T, Rollinger A, Mathai S, Qian Y, Itoh T, Wu M, Shillue B, Payne J and Emerson D (1999), "High speed velocity-matched distributed photodetectors", In LEOS '99. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1999 12th Annual Meeting. Vol. 2, pp. 834-835 vol.2.
Abstract: We report work on long-wavelength (1.55 μm) velocity-matched distributed photodetectors (VMDP) for RF photonic systems and millimeter-wave photomixers. The VMDP consists of an array of photodiodes connected by an optical waveguide. The output is collected in phase by the velocity-matched 50 Ω microwave transmission line. The VMDP offers many advantages for high frequency photodetectors with high saturation power. The distributed absorption is also desirable for increasing the damage threshold due to thermal runaway. Recently, we have experimentally demonstrated millimeter-wave generation at 95 GHz using a 1.55 μm VMDP. We review the state of the art of high-speed photodetectors, and present recent results in VMDP development for millimeter-wave generation
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chau_high_1999,
  author = {Chau, T. and Kaneda, N. and Jung, T. and Rollinger, A and Mathai, S. and Qian, Y. and Itoh, T. and Wu, M.C. and Shillue, B. and Payne, J. and Emerson, D.},
  title = {High speed velocity-matched distributed photodetectors},
  booktitle = {LEOS '99. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1999 12th Annual Meeting},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {834--835 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1999.811993}
}
Chen R, Nguyen H and Wu M (1999), "A low voltage micromachined optical switch by stress-induced bending", In Twelfth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1999. MEMS '99., January, 1999. , pp. 424-428.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel electrostatically actuated 2/spl times/2 fiber optic switch with very low operating voltage is presented. Using stress-induced bending of polysilicon plates, a vertical mirror is raised above the substrate. Electrostatic force is used to attract the mirror to the substrate to switch between the cross and the parallel states of the optical switch. The stress-induced curvature of the polysilicon beam substantially lowers the operating voltage of the switch. Large mirror displacement (300 /spl mu/m) and low operating voltage (20 V) are achieved simultaneously. Sub-millisecond switching time (textless600 /spl mu/sec) and reliable operation (textgreater14 million cycles) have been demonstrated. The insertion loss is measured to be 0.55 dB and 0.7 dB for single mode fibers in the cross and parallel states, respectively.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chen_low_1999,
  author = {Chen, R.T. and Nguyen, H. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A low voltage micromachined optical switch by stress-induced bending},
  booktitle = {Twelfth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1999. MEMS '99},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {424--428},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.1999.746866}
}
Hong M, Kwo J, Kortan AR, Mannaerts JP, Wu MC, Lay TS and Sergent AM (1999), "Single crystal Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films epitaxially grown on GaAs-a new dielectric for GaAs passivation", In III-V and IV-IV Materials and Processing Challenges for Highly Integrated Microelectronics and Optoelectronics.. Boston, MA, USA , pp. 151-7. Symposium. Materials Res. Soc. Warrendale, PA, USA..
Abstract: Single crystal Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/ dielectric thin films were epitaxially grown on GaAs. The Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/ film has a cubic structure isomorphic to Mn/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and is (110) oriented in single domain on the (100) GaAs surface. The oxide film has low leakage current densities textasciitilde10/sup -9/-10/sup -10/ A/cm/sup 2/ at zero bias. The typical breakdown field is 4 MV/cm for an oxide film 185 AA thick, and [right angle bracket]10 MV/cm for an oxide less than 50 AA thick. Both accumulation and inversion layers were observed in the Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/-GaAs metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) diodes using capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, with an interfacial density of states around 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/. (15 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hong_single_1999,
  author = {Hong, M. and Kwo, J. and Kortan, A. R. and Mannaerts, J. P. and Wu, M. C. and Lay, T. S. and Sergent, A. M.},
  title = {Single crystal Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films epitaxially grown on GaAs-a new dielectric for GaAs passivation},
  booktitle = {III-V and IV-IV Materials and Processing Challenges for Highly Integrated Microelectronics and Optoelectronics.},
  publisher = {Symposium. Materials Res. Soc. Warrendale, PA, USA.},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {151--7}
}
Islam S, Chau TB, Wu MC, Sivco DL and Cho AY (1999), "Distributed balanced photodetectors for high-performance rf photonic systems" Vol. 3795, pp. 26-39.
Abstract: A novel velocity-matched distributed balanced photodetector operating at 1.3 and 1.55 micrometers wavelengths has been experimentally demonstrated. Distributed absorption and velocity matching of the optical and microwave signals are employed to achieve high saturation photocurrent. A common mode rejection ratio greater than 27 dB has been achieved over a wide range of photocurrents. More than 24 dB suppression of the relative intensity noise of the laser source and EDFA added noise has been achieved in a broadband RF link experiment. Shot noise limited performance has been achieved with significant improvements in the signal-to- noise ratio.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_distributed_1999,
  author = {Islam, Saiful and Chau, Tai B. and Wu, Ming C. and Sivco, Deborah L. and Cho, Alfred Y.},
  title = {Distributed balanced photodetectors for high-performance rf photonic systems},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {3795},
  pages = {26--39},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.370170},
  doi = {10.1117/12.370170}
}
Islam M, Jung T, Chau T, Mathai S, Itoh T, Wu M, Sivco DL and Cho AY (1999), "Experimental investigation of power distribution in distributed balanced photodetectors", In LEOS '99. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1999 12th Annual Meeting. Vol. 2, pp. 806-807 vol.2.
Abstract: A distributed balanced photodetector with high saturation photocurrent and excellent linearity has been experimentally demonstrated. Distributed detection is shown experimentally to be important for the high saturation photocurrents
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_experimental_1999,
  author = {Islam, M.S. and Jung, T. and Chau, T.B. and Mathai, S. and Itoh, T. and Wu, M.C. and Sivco, Deborah L. and Cho, Alfred Y.},
  title = {Experimental investigation of power distribution in distributed balanced photodetectors},
  booktitle = {LEOS '99. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1999 12th Annual Meeting},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {806--807 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1999.811979}
}
Islam M, Jung T, Mathai S, Chau T, Rollinger A, Itoh T, Wu M, Sivco DL and Cho AY (1999), "High power distributed balanced photodetectors with high linearity", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1999. MWP '99. , pp. 79-82 vol.1.
Abstract: A distributed balanced photodetector with high saturation photocurrent has been experimentally demonstrated. The maximum linear DC photo-current of 33 mA/branch is equivalent to 66 mA in single-ended photodetectors. The AC linearity at high photocurrents is also investigated
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_high_1999,
  author = {Islam, M.S. and Jung, T. and Mathai, S. and Chau, T. and Rollinger, A and Itoh, T. and Wu, M.C. and Sivco, Deborah L. and Cho, Alfred Y.},
  title = {High power distributed balanced photodetectors with high linearity},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1999. MWP '99},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {79--82 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.1999.819656}
}
Islam M, Chau T, Mathai S and Wu M (1999), "Noise suppression properties of distributed balanced photodetectors for high performance RF photonic links", In Summaries of Papers Presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999. CLEO '99., May, 1999. , pp. 317-318.
Abstract: Summary form only given. Balanced photodetectors are of great interest to analog fiber optic links because they can suppress relative intensity noise (RIN) of lasers and amplified spontaneous emission noise (ASE) from erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). When used in conjunction with an external modulator with complementary outputs, shot noise-limited system performance can be achieved. In order to fully exploit the advantages of the balanced systems, balanced photodetectors with high saturation photocurrents and broad bandwidth are required. Monolithically integrated balanced photodetectors offer superior performance (broader bandwidth, better matching of photodiodes) and reduced packaging cost. However, most of the integrated balanced photodetectors reported to date have low saturation photocurrents and are not suitable for analog applications.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_noise_1999,
  author = {Islam, M.S. and Chau, T. and Mathai, S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Noise suppression properties of distributed balanced photodetectors for high performance RF photonic links},
  booktitle = {Summaries of Papers Presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999. CLEO '99},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {317--318},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.1999.834246}
}
Meng XJ, Jung T, Chau T and Wu M (1999), "Gain and bandwidth enhancement of directly modulated analog fiber optic links using injection-locked gain-coupled DFB lasers", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1999. MWP '99. , pp. 141-144 vol.1.
Abstract: We report on the experimental demonstration of directly modulated analog fiber optic links with gain-coupled DFB lasers under strong optical injection locking. Successful transmission of BPSK signals up to 18 GHz has been achieved
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{meng_gain_1999,
  author = {Meng, Xue Jun and Jung, T. and Chau, Tai and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Gain and bandwidth enhancement of directly modulated analog fiber optic links using injection-locked gain-coupled DFB lasers},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1999. MWP '99},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {141--144 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.1999.819670}
}
Meng XJ, Chau T and Wu M (1999), "Suppression of intermodulation distortion in DFB lasers by external optical injection locking", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 1999, and the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication. OFC/IOOC '99. Technical Digest., February, 1999. Vol. 3, pp. 335-337 vol.3.
Abstract: We report on the experimental investigation of third-order intermodulation distortion in directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) lasers under optical injection locking. Nearly 15 dB reduction in third-order intermodulation distortion has been observed from 1.4 to 3.0 GHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{meng_suppression_1999,
  author = {Meng, Xue Jun and Chau, Tai and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Suppression of intermodulation distortion in DFB lasers by external optical injection locking},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 1999, and the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication. OFC/IOOC '99. Technical Digest},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {335--337 vol.3},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1999.768155}
}
Nespola A, Chau T, Wu M and Ghione G (1999), "Analysis of failure mechanisms in velocity-matched distributed photodetectors", Optoelectronics, IEE Proceedings -., August, 1999. Vol. 146(1), pp. 25-30.
Abstract: The thermal-runaway process in long-wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors (VMDP) with metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes has been investigated. A three-dimensional numerical electrothermal model has been developed which takes into account the nonlinear thermal properties of the substrate and the nonuniform temperature rise due to self heating. The model shows that, owing to its distributed nature, the photodetector is able to operate at high optical power level before catastrophic failure occurs. When this happens, a highly localised hot spot appears within the device and characteristic exhibits a typical current point, where the current rapidly increases with increasing bias voltage. Examples are discussed to highlight the thermal behaviour of the distributed detector and to compare the model with experimental data
BibTeX:
@article{nespola_analysis_1999,
  author = {Nespola, A and Chau, T. and Wu, M.C. and Ghione, G.},
  title = {Analysis of failure mechanisms in velocity-matched distributed photodetectors},
  journal = {Optoelectronics, IEE Proceedings -},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {146},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--30},
  doi = {10.1049/ip-opt:19990457}
}
Saiful Islam M, Chau T, Rollinger A, Mathai S, Meng XJ, Itoh T and Wu M (1999), "Monolithic integration of distributed balanced photodetectors for high performance RF photonic links", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 1999, and the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication. OFC/IOOC '99. Technical Digest., February, 1999. Vol. 1, pp. 102-104 vol.1.
Abstract: We report on the microwave performance of a novel velocity-matched distributed balanced photodetector. A 30-dB rejection of the common mode signals and a 17-dB suppression of the laser relative intensity noise have been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{saiful_islam_monolithic_1999,
  author = {Saiful Islam, M. and Chau, Tai and Rollinger, AR. and Mathai, Sagi and Meng, Xue Jun and Itoh, T. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Monolithic integration of distributed balanced photodetectors for high performance RF photonic links},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 1999, and the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication. OFC/IOOC '99. Technical Digest},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {102--104 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1999.767807}
}
Su G-D, Duparr'e J, Fan L, Wang PKC and Wu MC (1999), "Micromachined tip-tilt micromirror arrays with large strokes", In 3rd International Conference on Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (Optical MEMS). MOEMS 99. Proceedings. Inst. Mikrotechnik. Mainz, Germany , pp. 39-43.
Abstract: We report on the design, fabrication, and performance of a novel surface-micromachined tip-tilt micromirror arrays (MTMA) for adaptive optics applications. By using surface-micromachined micro-elevator-by-self-assembly (MESA) structures, strokes greater than 20 mu m can be achieved without using bulk etching or thick sacrificial layers. Experimentally, a prototype device with 4*4 micromirror arrays has been fabricated using the standard three-layer polysilicon surface-micromachining technology. Strokes as large as 8.5 mu m (limited by the power supply) and the frequency response of 1.4 kHz has been demonstrated. (8 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{su_micromachined_1999,
  author = {Su, G.-D.J. and Duparr'e, J. and Fan, Li and Wang, P. K. C. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Micromachined tip-tilt micromirror arrays with large strokes},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (Optical MEMS). MOEMS 99. Proceedings. Inst. Mikrotechnik},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {39--43}
}
Su G and Wu M (1999), "Self-assembled micro-scanner fabricated by surface-micromachining technology", In Summaries of Papers Presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999. CLEO '99., May, 1999. , pp. 196-197.
Abstract: Summary form only given. Optical scanners are used in a wide variety of applications. Scanning micromirrors fabricated using the micromachining technology is very attractive because of smaller size, lighter mass, and lower power consumption. In this paper, we report on the performance of an out-of-plane tilt torsion mirror that can be self-assembled by the integrated scratch drive actuator (SDA). This device is compact, lightweight, and can be mass-produced at potentially very low cost.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{su_self-assembled_1999,
  author = {Su, G.D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Self-assembled micro-scanner fabricated by surface-micromachining technology},
  booktitle = {Summaries of Papers Presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999. CLEO '99},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {196--197},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.1999.834075}
}
Toshiyoshi H, Su G-D, LaCosse J and Wu MC (1999), "Micromechanical lens scanners for fiber optic switches", In 3rd International Conference on Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (Optical MEMS). MOEMS 99. Proceedings. Inst. Mikrotechnik. Mainz, Germany , pp. 165-70. Germany.
Abstract: We propose a new concept of fiber optic matrix switch that is scalable up to tens of input and output fiber ports. A microlens on an XY-stage between the optical fiber ports enables two-dimensional beam steering. To extend the scan range, twin telescopes are used in between the transmitting fibers and the receiving fibers. Ray-transfer simulations have shown that this scheme is scalable up to several tens of input and output ports. A prototype lens scanner has been fabricated using commercial foundry. (10 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{toshiyoshi_micromechanical_1999,
  author = {Toshiyoshi, H. and Su, G.-D.J. and LaCosse, J. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Micromechanical lens scanners for fiber optic switches},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (Optical MEMS). MOEMS 99. Proceedings. Inst. Mikrotechnik},
  publisher = {Germany},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {165--70}
}
Chang MF, Wu MC, Yao J and Motamedi ME (1998), "Surface micromachined devices for microwave and photonic applications" Vol. 3419, pp. 34190S-34190S-0.
Abstract: As an enabling technology, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have continuously provided new and improved design/implementation paradigms for a variety of scientific and engineering applications. In this paper, we review recent advances made in MEMS and its derivative MOEM devices for both microwave and photonic applications.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chang_surface_1998,
  author = {Chang, M. F. and Wu, Ming C. and Yao, JeyHsin and Motamedi, M. Edward},
  title = {Surface micromachined devices for microwave and photonic applications},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3419},
  pages = {34190S--34190S-0},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.311012},
  doi = {10.1117/12.311012}
}
Chau T, Mathai S, Rollinger A, Sivco D, Cho A, Scott D, Vang T, Wu M and Itoh T (1998), "High performance long-wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors for RF fiber optic links", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1998. MWP '98., October, 1998. , pp. 107-110.
Abstract: Improved performance of InP-based long wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) with metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes is experimentally demonstrated. A 3-dB bandwidth of 13 GHz and an external quantum efficiency of 0.57 A/W have been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chau_high_1998,
  author = {Chau, T. and Mathai, S. and Rollinger, A and Sivco, D.L. and Cho, AY. and Scott, D.C. and Vang, T.A and Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T.},
  title = {High performance long-wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors for RF fiber optic links},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1998. MWP '98},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {107--110},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.1998.745558}
}
Chau T, Fan L, Tong DTK, Mathai S, Wu M, Sivco D and Cho A (1998), "Long-wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors", In Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest., May, 1998. , pp. 377-.
Abstract: Summary form only given. We have experimentally demonstrated an InGaAs-InAlGaAs-InP high-speed, high-power long wavelength velocity matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) using optical lithography. A 3-dB bandwidth of 18-GHz and an overall quantum effiency of 34% have been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chau_long-wavelength_1998,
  author = {Chau, T. and Fan, L. and Tong, D. T K and Mathai, S. and Wu, M.C. and Sivco, D.J. and Cho, AY.},
  title = {Long-wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors},
  booktitle = {Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {377--},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.1998.676335}
}
Deal W, Jung T, Wu M and Itoh T (1998), "All-optically controlled beam-scanning array for antenna remoting applications", In Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International., June, 1998. Vol. 3, pp. 1383-1386 vol.3.
Abstract: In this work, a beam-scanning array for antenna remoting via an optical link is presented. Optical control over the main beam is accomplished through the use of a photosensitive resonator. Experimental data shows a total scan angle up to 36/spl deg/ can be achieved with this optical technique.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{deal_all-optically_1998,
  author = {Deal, W.R. and Jung, T. and Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T.},
  title = {All-optically controlled beam-scanning array for antenna remoting applications},
  booktitle = {Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1383--1386 vol.3},
  doi = {10.1109/MWSYM.1998.700632}
}
Fan L and Wu M (1998), "Two-dimensional optical scanner with large angular rotation realized by self-assembled micro-elevator", In Broadband Optical Networks and Technologies: An Emerging Reality/Optical MEMS/Smart Pixels/Organic Optics and Optoelectronics. 1998 IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings., July, 1998. , pp. II/107-II/108.
Abstract: A novel 2D scanner with large mirror area and large angular rotation has been proposed and demonstrated. The mirror is supported by the surface-micromachined micro-elevators by self-assembly. Maximum optical deflection angles of of /spl plusmn/14/spl deg/ and a resonant frequency of 1.5 kHz have been achieved.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_two-dimensional_1998,
  author = {Fan, L. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Two-dimensional optical scanner with large angular rotation realized by self-assembled micro-elevator},
  booktitle = {Broadband Optical Networks and Technologies: An Emerging Reality/Optical MEMS/Smart Pixels/Organic Optics and Optoelectronics. 1998 IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {II/107--II/108},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOSST.1998.689857}
}
Fan L, Chen RT, Nespola A and Wu M (1998), "Universal MEMS platforms for passive RF components: suspended inductors and variable capacitors", In , The Eleventh Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1998. MEMS 98. Proceedings., January, 1998. , pp. 29-33.
Abstract: We propose a universal MEMS technology platform for fabricating integrable passive components for radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits. This platform is based on a novel surface-micromachined Micro-Elevator by Self-Assembly (MESA) technique. Both high-Q inductors and variable capacitors can be realized by the MESA technology. A surface-micromachined spiral inductor that is raised by 250 μm above the Si substrate has been experimentally demonstrated. The suspended inductor has less parasitic capacitance and substrate loss, and higher quality (Q) value and resonant frequency. The inductance of a 12.5-turn inductor is measured to be 24 nH. The results show that the self-assembled passive RF elements are suitable for monolithic integration
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_universal_1998,
  author = {Fan, L. and Chen, R. T. and Nespola, A and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Universal MEMS platforms for passive RF components: suspended inductors and variable capacitors},
  booktitle = {, The Eleventh Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1998. MEMS 98. Proceedings},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {29--33},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.1998.659724}
}
Haeng XJ, Chau T and Wu M (1998), "Suppression of second harmonic distortion in DFB lasers with optical injection locking", In IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1998. LEOS '98., December, 1998. Vol. 2, pp. 155-156 vol.2.
Abstract: Summary form only given. We have experimentally demonstrated that optical injection locking is very effective in suppressing the second harmonic distortion in directly modulated semiconductor lasers. More than 15 dB reduction in second harmonic distortion has been observed from 2 to 4 GHz. This technique is very useful for high performance sub-carrier multiplexed fiber optic systems with carrier frequencies of several GHz
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{haeng_suppression_1998,
  author = {Haeng, Xue Jun and Chau, Tai and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Suppression of second harmonic distortion in DFB lasers with optical injection locking},
  booktitle = {IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1998. LEOS '98},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {155--156 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1998.739508}
}
Huang L-S, Lee S-s, Motamedi ME, Wu MC and Kim C-J (1998), "Optical coupling analysis and vibration characterization for packaging of 2X2 MEMS vertical torsion mirror switches" Vol. 3513, pp. 135-143.
Abstract: We report optical coupling loss and vibration characterization for packaging of 2 X 2 vertical torsion mirror switches. The coupling losses of fiber-to-fiber and fiber-lens-lens-fiber are examined in order to design 2 X 2 MEMS optical switches required for the performance specification. The results indicate that the fiber-lens- lens-fiber configuration provides a over 1 mm working distance of 2.5 dB loss between the lens centers. The fiber- to-fiber only allows 175 micrometers for the same loss. In addition, the mechanical frequency response of the vertical torsion mirror is experimentally examined by electrostatic excitation. The discrepancy between the calculated and the measured nature frequencies is investigated by the study of the effect of the in-house post processes.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{huang_optical_1998,
  author = {Huang, Long-Sun and Lee, Shi-sheng and Motamedi, M. Edward and Wu, Ming C. and Kim, Chang-Jin},
  title = {Optical coupling analysis and vibration characterization for packaging of 2X2 MEMS vertical torsion mirror switches},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3513},
  pages = {135--143},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.324267},
  doi = {10.1117/12.324267}
}
Islam M, Chau T, Nespola A, Rollinger A, Mathai S, Deal W, Itoh T and Wu M (1998), "Distributed balanced photodetectors for high performance RF photonic links", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1998. MWP '98., October, 1998. , pp. 177-180.
Abstract: A balanced velocity-matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) with both impedance and velocity matching has been designed and successfully fabricated. Preliminary experimental results shows that the relative intensity noise has been suppressed by 12-dB, and the signal has been enhanced by 6-dB. This was the first integration of high power and high speed balanced detectors with a slow microwave transmission line to be used in high performance RF photonic links.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{islam_distributed_1998,
  author = {Islam, M.S. and Chau, T. and Nespola, A and Rollinger, AR. and Mathai, S. and Deal, W.R. and Itoh, T. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Distributed balanced photodetectors for high performance RF photonic links},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1998. MWP '98},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {177--180},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.1998.745657}
}
Jung T, Shen J-L, Tong DTK, Wu M, Lodenkamper R, Lembo L, Wickham M, Davis R, Brock J and Tanbun-Ek T (1998), "Phase coherence and frequency control of a hybrid mode-locked semiconductor laser by cw optical injection locking", In Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest., May, 1998. , pp. 440-.
Abstract: Summary form only given. We have demonstrated phase coherence between a cw single-wavelength master laser and a multiwavelength modelocked slave laser by optical injection locking.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{jung_phase_1998,
  author = {Jung, T. and Shen, Ji-Lin and Tong, D. T K and Wu, M.C. and Lodenkamper, R. and Lembo, L. and Wickham, M. and Davis, R. and Brock, J.C. and Tanbun-Ek, Tawee},
  title = {Phase coherence and frequency control of a hybrid mode-locked semiconductor laser by cw optical injection locking},
  booktitle = {Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {440--},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.1998.676470}
}
Lam C, Vrijen R, Tong D, Wu M and Yablonobitch E (1998), "Experimental demonstration of spectrally encoded optical CDMA systems using Mach-Zehnder encoder chains", In Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest., May, 1998. , pp. 455-.
Abstract: Summary form only given. Recently, there has been tremendous interest in applying spread spectrum and code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques in optical fiber communication systems. Contrary to radio CDMA systems, which employs electric-field encoding and correlation to achieve orthogonality, most of the optical communication systems use intensity modulation and direct detection. To achieve true orthogonality in optical CDMA systems, the balanced detection scheme and spectral intensity coding need to be used. We shows the block diagram of the bipolar spectrally encoded CDMA system. The transmitter consists of a pair of broadband optical sources connected in a balanced fashion. The input data differentially modulate the intensity of the two balanced sources.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lam_experimental_1998,
  author = {Lam, C.F. and Vrijen, R. and Tong, D.T.K. and Wu, M.C. and Yablonobitch, E.},
  title = {Experimental demonstration of spectrally encoded optical CDMA systems using Mach-Zehnder encoder chains},
  booktitle = {Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {455--},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.1998.676490}
}
Lam CF, Vrijen RB, Tong DTK, Wu MC and Yablonovitch E (1998), "Spectrally encoded CDMA system using Mach-Zehnder encoder chains" Vol. 3228, pp. 399-407.
Abstract: Spectrally encoded code division multiple access (CDMA) systems using a complementary bipolar mechanism has been considered the most suitable way to implement CDMA on optical fiber system by many people in this paper, we present a proposed bipolar complementary spectrally encoded optical CDMA system based on a cascaded Mach-Zehnder encoder chain filter and give an analysis on the capacity limit of such systems.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lam_spectrally_1998,
  author = {Lam, Cedric F. and Vrijen, Rutger B. and Tong, Dennis T. K. and Wu, Ming C. and Yablonovitch, Eli},
  title = {Spectrally encoded CDMA system using Mach-Zehnder encoder chains},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3228},
  pages = {399--407},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.300910},
  doi = {10.1117/12.300910}
}
Lee S-S, Huang L-S, Kim C-J and Wu MC (1998), "2*2 MEMS fiber optic switches with silicon sub-mount for low-cost packaging", In Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop. Transducer Res. Found.. Hilton Head Island, SC, USA , pp. 281-4. Technical Digest, Cleveland, OH, USA..
Abstract: We report on a novel 2*2 MEMS fiber optic switch. The switch is implemented by ganging up multiple vertical torsion mirror devices that are fabricated using silicon surface micromachining process. Bulk-micromachined silicon submount has been developed for the switch. The submount is designed to accommodate the surface-micromachined vertical torsion mirrors (mirror chip), micro lenses and optical fibers. This new hybrid-packaging method is used to minimize active optical alignment between the mirror chip and optical fibers, thus reduce the packaging cost of the switch. Sub-millisecond switching times have been achieved. With this hybrid-packaging scheme, the size, weight, and potentially the cost of current fiber optic switches can be dramatically reduced. (9 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_2*2_1998,
  author = {Lee, Shi-Sheng and Huang, Long-Sun and Kim, Chang-Jin and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {2*2 MEMS fiber optic switches with silicon sub-mount for low-cost packaging},
  booktitle = {Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop. Transducer Res. Found.},
  publisher = {Technical Digest, Cleveland, OH, USA.},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {281--4}
}
Lodenkamper R, Jung T, Davis RL, Lembo LJ, Wu MC and Brock JC (1998), "RF performance of optical injection locking" Vol. 3463, pp. 227-236.
Abstract: Coherent photonic systems promise novel functionality and/or improved performance compared to direct detection photonic system, but have the disadvantage of being sensitive to optical phase noise. The most common approach to this problem is to force one laser to track the phase of the other with a phase locked loop (PLL), so that the phase noise of the lasers cancels out of the RF heterodyne beat note. Although the PLL approach has been implemented for semiconductor lasers, the large linewidth of these lasers and the resulting large PLL loop bandwidth severely constrain the design and limit performance. This disadvantage of the PLL approach is particularly relevant for many applications, since semiconductor lasers are preferred for system insertion.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lodenkamper_rf_1998,
  author = {Lodenkamper, Robert and Jung, Thomas and Davis, Richard L. and Lembo, Lawrence J. and Wu, Ming C. and Brock, John C.},
  title = {RF performance of optical injection locking},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3463},
  pages = {227--236},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.330390},
  doi = {10.1117/12.330390}
}
Meng XJ and Wu M (1998), "Modeling of an analog fiber-optic link with an injection-locked semiconductor laser", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 1998. OFC '98., Technical Digest., February, 1998. , pp. 356-358.
Abstract: Summary form only given. Subcarrier-modulated (SCM) fiber-optic systems have applications in cable television distribution, and phased array antenna systems. The transmission capacity of the SCM system employing direct laser modulation is generally limited by the bandwidth of the semiconductor laser. Recently, several groups have proposed the use of strong injection-locking technique to enhance the modulation bandwidth. In this report, we present, to our knowledge, the first theoretical investigation of an analog optical fiber link using a directly-modulated semiconductor laser under strong injection-locking. The analysis is based on rate equations, which include phase and amplitude noises in both master and slave lasers.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{meng_modeling_1998,
  author = {Meng, Xue Jun and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Modeling of an analog fiber-optic link with an injection-locked semiconductor laser},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 1998. OFC '98., Technical Digest},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {356--358},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1998.657469}
}
Nespola A, Chau T, Wu MC, Ghione G and Naldi CU (1998), "Thermal runaway analysis for velocity-matched distributed photodetectors", In GAAS 98. Conference Proceedings. Amsterdam, Netherlands , pp. 527-32. Miller Freeman, London, UK.
Abstract: The thermal runaway process for long wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors (VMDP) with metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes has been studied. We developed a numerical, three-dimensional electrothermal model taking into account the nonlinearity of the substrate thermal properties and the nonuniform temperature rise due to self-heating. The analysis shows that the distributed nature of the photodetector allows it to work at high power level before catastrophic failure occurs. Examples are discussed to highlight the thermal behaviour of the distributed detector and to compare the model with experimental data. (8 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{nespola_thermal_1998,
  author = {Nespola, A. and Chau, T. and Wu, M. C. and Ghione, G. and Naldi, C. U.},
  title = {Thermal runaway analysis for velocity-matched distributed photodetectors},
  booktitle = {GAAS 98. Conference Proceedings},
  publisher = {Miller Freeman, London, UK},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {527--32}
}
Su G, Lee S and Wu M (1998), "Out-of-plane vertical torsion mirror for optical scanner and chopper applications", In Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest., May, 1998. , pp. 479-480.
Abstract: Summary form only given. A novel surface-micromachined, out-of-plane vertical torsion mirror has been successfully demonstrated. An optical scan range of 40 and a resonant frequency of 0.5 kHz have been achieved. Its applications include optical scanners, switches, and on-chip optical choppers for monolithic micro-optical instruments.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{su_out--plane_1998,
  author = {Su, G.D. and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Out-of-plane vertical torsion mirror for optical scanner and chopper applications},
  booktitle = {Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1998. CLEO 98. Technical Digest},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {479--480},
  doi = {10.1109/CLEO.1998.676521}
}
Tong DTK and Wu M (1998), "Common transmit/receive module for multiwavelength optically controlled phased array antennas", In Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 1998. OFC '98., Technical Digest., February, 1998. , pp. 354-355.
Abstract: Summary form only given. The advance of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) photonic technologies has made an impact on recent development of broadband optically controlled phased array antennas. For example, we have previously reported a multiwavelength optically controlled phased array antenna (MWOCPAA) transmitter. In this paper, we extend the multiwavelength concept to the MWOCPAA common transmit/receive (T/R) module. The receive mode in MWOCPAA T/R module realizes broadband receiver with true-time delay by optically combining the received signal from multiple optical wavelength carriers.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tong_common_1998,
  author = {Tong, D. T K and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Common transmit/receive module for multiwavelength optically controlled phased array antennas},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 1998. OFC '98., Technical Digest},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {354--355},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1998.657467}
}
Wu M, Itoh T, Chau T, Islam S, Mathai S, Rollinger A and Nespola A (1998), "Recent progresses in high frequency, high power photodetectors", In International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1998. MWP '98., October, 1998. , pp. 237-239.
Abstract: We will review the recent progress in high speed, high power photodetectors. The design trade-offs among the saturation power, 3-dB bandwidth, and quantum efficiency will be described. The fundamental limit of saturation powers for various types of photodetectors, including surface-illuminated p-i-n photodetectors, waveguide photodetectors, traveling-wave photodetectors, and velocity-matched distributed photodetectors, will be derived and compared.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_recent_1998,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T. and Chau, T. and Islam, S. and Mathai, S. and Rollinger, A and Nespola, A},
  title = {Recent progresses in high frequency, high power photodetectors},
  booktitle = {International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1998. MWP '98},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {237--239},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.1998.745673}
}
Fan L, Wu MC, Choquette KD and Crawford MH (1997), "Self-assembled microactuated XYZ stages for optical scanning and alignment", In Tranducers 97. 1997 International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators.. Chicago, IL, USA Vol. 1, pp. 319-22. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.97TH8267). IEEE. New York, NY, USA..
Abstract: A novel self-assembled, surface-micromachined micro-XYZ stage with large displacements and fine positioning accuracy has been demonstrated on a Si microoptical bench for optical scanning/alignment applications. Continuous lateral scanning up to 120 mu m and vertical scanning up to 250 mu m have been achieved with integrated scratch drive actuators (SDA), which have step resolutions of 27 nm. The XYZ stage can be fully assembled by applying an electric bias only. Focus adjustment of the micro-Fresnel lens integrated on the micro-XYZ stage has also been successfully demonstrated. This is useful for two-dimensional scanning, dynamic focusing/tracking, and fine optical alignment. (11 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_self-assembled_1997,
  author = {Fan, Li and Wu, M. C. and Choquette, K. D. and Crawford, M. H.},
  title = {Self-assembled microactuated XYZ stages for optical scanning and alignment},
  booktitle = {Tranducers 97. 1997 International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators.},
  publisher = {Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.97TH8267). IEEE. New York, NY, USA.},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {319--22},
  url = {file:///C:/Program%20Files/EndNote%208/Libraries/Publications.Data/Fan%20-%20Self-assembed%20microactuated%20xyz%20stages%20for%20optical%20scanning.pdf}
}
Fan L, Lee C and Wu M (1997), "Self-assembled micro-XYZ stages for optical scanning and alignment", In , IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1997. LEOS '97 10th Annual Meeting. Conference Proceedings., November, 1997. Vol. 1, pp. 266-267 vol.1.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In summary, a fully actuated micro-XYZ stage with bi-directional scratch drive actuator array has been demonstrated for the first time. This fabrication process of this micro-XYZ is fully compatible with the free-space micro-optical bench technology. This allows high performance free-space optical systems to be monolithically integrated on a chip
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_self-assembled_1997-1,
  author = {Fan, Li and Lee, C.D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Self-assembled micro-XYZ stages for optical scanning and alignment},
  booktitle = {, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1997. LEOS '97 10th Annual Meeting. Conference Proceedings},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {266--267 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1997.630618}
}
Lee S-s, Motamedi ME and Wu MC (1997), "G-performance characterization of surface-micromachined FDDI optical bypass switches" Vol. 3226, pp. 94-101.
Abstract: We report the experimental g-performance characterization of surface-micromachined FDDI (fiber distributed data interface) optical bypass switches. Novel surface-micromachined FDDI optical bypass switch consists of an out-of-plane micromirror is driven by integrated scratch drive actuators, and balanced by a spring. A pull-back spring is integrated with the switch in order to satisfy the requirements for the fail-safe feature of the FDDI optical bypass switch. We have performed the vibration test of the switch in collaboration with Rockwell Science Center. The purpose of this test is to investigate the robustness of the surface-micromachined fib optic switch against external vibrations. Error-free operation up to 89s (equipment-limited) was observed for vibration frequencies from 200 Hz to 10 kHz. Comparison of the receiving sensitivity with and without vibration shows that there is virtually no effect of vibration of this scale. No mechanical failure observed throughout the entire test.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_g-performance_1997,
  author = {Lee, Shi-sheng and Motamedi, M. Edward and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {G-performance characterization of surface-micromachined FDDI optical bypass switches},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3226},
  pages = {94--101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.284575},
  doi = {10.1117/12.284575}
}
Lee S-S, Motamedi E and Wu MC (1997), "Surface-micromachined free-space fiber optic switches with integrated microactuators for optical fiber communication systems", In Tranducers 97. 1997 International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators. Digest of Technical Papers. Chicago, IL, USA Vol. 1, pp. 85-8. IEEE. New York, NY, USA (Cat. No.97TH8267).
Abstract: We report on a novel surface-micromachined free-space fiber optic switch with integrated microactuators for optical fiber communication systems. The switch consists of an out-of-plane micromirror driven by integrated scratch drive actuators, and balanced by a spring. A fall time and a rise time of 15 ms and 6 ms have been achieved, respectively. The switch is equipped with the fail-safe feature as required by the FDDI optical bypass switch. In addition, a vibration g-test has been conducted while the switch is transmitting data. Error free operation up to 89 g's has been achieved for vibration frequencies from 200 Hz to 10 kHz. (10 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_surface-micromachined_1997,
  author = {Lee, Shi-Sheng and Motamedi, E. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Surface-micromachined free-space fiber optic switches with integrated microactuators for optical fiber communication systems},
  booktitle = {Tranducers 97. 1997 International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators. Digest of Technical Papers},
  publisher = {IEEE. New York, NY, USA (Cat. No.97TH8267)},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {85--8},
  url = {file:///C:/Program%20Files/EndNote%208/Libraries/Publications.Data/Lee%20-%20Surface-Micromachined%20Free-Space%20Fiber%20Optic%20Switches%20w%20Integrated%20Microactuators%20for%20Optical%20Fiber%20Communication%20Systems.pdf}
}
Lin L, Wu M and Itoh T (1997), "Figure of merit for high-power, high-speed photodetectors", In , Conference on Optical Fiber Communication. OFC 97., February, 1997. , pp. 40-41.
Abstract: Saturation photocurrents of 56 mA has been achieved for velocity matched distributed photodetectors (VMDPs) with 49-GHz bandwidth. Theoretical calculation shows that saturation photocurrent greater than 100 mA can be achieved. In summary, we have reported the theoretical analysis and proposed the figure of merit (FOM) for high-power, high-speed photodetectors. The theoretical and experimental results show that the VMDP can achieve high saturation power and broad bandwidth
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_figure_1997,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T.},
  title = {Figure of merit for high-power, high-speed photodetectors},
  booktitle = {, Conference on Optical Fiber Communication. OFC 97},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {40--41},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1997.719672}
}
Lin L-Y, Wu MC, Itoh T, Vang TA, Muller RE, Sivco DL and Cho AY (1997), "High-power high-speed velocity-matched distributed photodetectors" Vol. 3006, pp. 96-107.
Abstract: The velocity-matched distributed photodetectors (VMDP) with high saturation power and large bandwidth have been proposed and demonstrated. The theoretical analysis on the trade-off between saturation power and bandwidth shows that VMDP provides fundamental advantages over conventional photodetectors. The theory for designing and simulating the performance of the VMDP is developed comprehensively from the aspect of microwave transmission line, optical waveguide, and the VMDP structure. The VMDP with very high saturation photocurrent (56 mA) and instrument-limited bandwidth (49 GHz) is demonstrated experimentally. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that VMDP is attractive for high-performance microwave photonics links and high-power optical microwave applications.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_high-power_1997,
  author = {Lin, Lih-Yuan and Wu, Ming C. and Itoh, Tatsuo and Vang, Timothy A. and Muller, Richard E. and Sivco, Deborah L. and Cho, Alfred Y.},
  title = {High-power high-speed velocity-matched distributed photodetectors},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3006},
  pages = {96--107},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.264207},
  doi = {10.1117/12.264207}
}
Lin L, Shen J, Lee S, Su G and Wu M (1997), "Microactuated micro-XYZ stages for free-space micro-optical bench", In , Tenth Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1997. MEMS '97, Proceedings, IEEE., January, 1997. , pp. 43-48.
Abstract: A novel microactuated micro-XYZ stage with large travel distance and fine positioning capability has been demonstrated using the surface-micromachining technology. The micro-XYZ stage consists of three in-plane translation stages driven by integrated scratch drive actuators. Two vertically stacked 45° micromirrors in orthogonal directions are employed to achieve vertical beam adjustment without using vertical actuators. Large travel distance (textgreater30 μm) and fine moving steps (11 nm) have been achieved experimentally in all three directions. The micro-XYZ stage can be monolithically integrated with the surface-micromachined microlenses, or other out-of-plane micro-optical elements, for optical alignment or reconfiguration in free-space micro-optical benches (FSMOB)
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_microactuated_1997,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Shen, J.L. and Lee, S.S. and Su, G.D. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Microactuated micro-XYZ stages for free-space micro-optical bench},
  booktitle = {, Tenth Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1997. MEMS '97, Proceedings, IEEE},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {43--48},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.1997.581762}
}
Wu M (1997), "An overview of micromachining for optical communications", In , Conference on Optical Fiber Communication. OFC 97., February, 1997. , pp. 112-113.
Abstract: There have been increasing interest in applying micromachining technologies to optical and optoelectronic systems. Despite the rapid advances of optoelectronic materials, optomechanical systems and mechanical actuation are still indispensable components in many optical systems such as those for switching and packaging applications. The marriage of micro-optics and micromachining technologies has created a new family of optomechanical devices that cannot be realized by conventional technologies, and has opened up many new opportunities. We review the state-of-the-art of the optical MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) technologies around the world, and report on the recent progress of the free-space microoptical bench (FSMOB) project at UCLA
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_overview_1997,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {An overview of micromachining for optical communications},
  booktitle = {, Conference on Optical Fiber Communication. OFC 97},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {112--113},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1997.719739}
}
Fan L, Wu M, Lee HC and Grodzinski P (1996), "4x4 reconfigurable optical interconnection network using beam-steering vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers", In Optical Fiber Communications, 1996. OFC '96., February, 1996. , pp. 10-11.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In conclusion, a monolithically integrated 4×4 reconfigurable optical interconnection network has been demonstrated using arrays of beam-steering vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). This approach eliminates the need of bulk optical components and critical alignment, and can greatly reduce the volume of optical interconnect for massively parallel processors.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_4x4_1996,
  author = {Fan, L. and Wu, M.C. and Lee, H. -C and Grodzinski, P.},
  title = {4x4 reconfigurable optical interconnection network using beam-steering vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communications, 1996. OFC '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {10--11},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1996.907594}
}
Fan L, Wu M, Lee H and Grodzinski P (1996), "Single-chip photonic banyan network realized by arrays of beam-steering VCSELs and reflective Fresnel zone plates", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 520-521.
Abstract: Summary form only given. A single-chip photonic Banyan network has been demonstrated by using bean-steering VCSELs and reflective Fresnel zone plate array. The focusing mirror reduces the beam spot to 15 /spl mu/m, and can greatly increase the optical interconnection density.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_single-chip_1996,
  author = {Fan, L. and Wu, M.C. and Lee, H.C. and Grodzinski, P.},
  title = {Single-chip photonic banyan network realized by arrays of beam-steering VCSELs and reflective Fresnel zone plates},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {520--521}
}
King C, Lin L-Y and Wu MC (1996), "Monolithically integrated refractive microlens standing perpendicular to the substrate" Vol. 2687, pp. 123-130.
Abstract: We report the first fabrication of a spherical microlens monolithically integrated on a surface- micromachined supporting plate standing perpendicular to the substrate. The focusing and collimating abilities of the lens are successfully demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{king_monolithically_1996,
  author = {King, Charles and Lin, Lih-Yuan and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Monolithically integrated refractive microlens standing perpendicular to the substrate},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {2687},
  pages = {123--130},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.234631},
  doi = {10.1117/12.234631}
}
King C, Lin L and Wu M (1996), "Out-of-plane refractive microlens for freespace integrated optics", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 459-460.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In summary, we believe an out-of-plane spherical microlens standing perpendicular to the substrate has been demonstrated for the first time using surface-micromachining technology. Light emitted from an optical fiber is successfully collimated by the microlens to a divergence angle of 0.15", and the focal length is measured to be 645 /spl mu/m. These microlenses can be combined with other out-of-plane micro-optical components on a silicon substrate to form a free space micro-optical bench.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{king_out--plane_1996,
  author = {King, C.R. and Lin, L.Y. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Out-of-plane refractive microlens for freespace integrated optics},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {459--460}
}
Lee S, Lin L and Wu M (1996), "Distributed feedback lasers integrated with micromachined wavelength meters for dense WDM systems", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 511-512.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In conclusion, a single-chip micro-optical system consists of a DFB laser and a surface micromachined precision wavelength meter an a Si free-space micro-optical bench has been demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge. A wavelength sensitivity of 0.26 V/nm, and a resolution of 0.3 nm have been demonstrated. The photodetector and the electronic circuits could potentially be integrated on the same Si chip to realize a very compact, light weight and low-cost optical source for dense WDM systems.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_distributed_1996,
  author = {Lee, S.S. and Lin, L.Y. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Distributed feedback lasers integrated with micromachined wavelength meters for dense WDM systems},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {511--512}
}
Lin L, Wu M, Itoh T, Vang T, Muller R, Sivco D and Cho A (1996), "High-speed photodetectors with high saturation for high performance microwave photonic systems", In , 1996 Internatonal Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1996. MWP '96. Technical Digest., December, 1996. , pp. 313-316.
Abstract: We proposed a velocity-matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) to achieve high saturation power and large bandwidth. The VMDP with 56 mA saturation photocurrent and an instrument-limited 3-dB bandwidth of 49 GHz is demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_high-speed_1996,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T. and Vang, T.A and Muller, R.E. and Sivco, D.L. and Cho, AY.},
  title = {High-speed photodetectors with high saturation for high performance microwave photonic systems},
  booktitle = {, 1996 Internatonal Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, 1996. MWP '96. Technical Digest},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {313--316},
  doi = {10.1109/MWP.1996.662160}
}
Lin L, Shen J, Lee S, Wu M and Sergent M (1996), "Micromachined tunable three-dimensional solid Fabry-Perot etalons", In Optical Fiber Communications, 1996. OFC '96., February, 1996. , pp. 55-56.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In summary, we have demonstrated three-dimensional tunable solid Fabry-Ferot etalons fabricated integrally with rotational stages using the surface micromachining technique. A tuning range of 58.5 nm has been achieved by rotating the on chip rotational stage. The three-dimensional Fabry Perot etalons can be integrated with other free-space microoptical elements fabricated by similar techniques.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_micromachined_1996,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Shen, J.L. and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C. and Sergent, M.},
  title = {Micromachined tunable three-dimensional solid Fabry-Perot etalons},
  booktitle = {Optical Fiber Communications, 1996. OFC '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {55--56},
  doi = {10.1109/OFC.1996.907637}
}
Lin L, Shen J, Lee S and Wu M (1996), "Novel monolithic free-space optical disk pickup head realized by surface micromachining", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 101-.
Abstract: Summary form only given. A novel monolithic optical disk pickup head with four integrated free-space micro-optical elements has been realized by the surface-micromachined free-space micro-optical bench technology. A symmetric focused beam with FWHM width of 1.8 /spl mu/m is successfully observed. Because the pickup head is very compact (2 mm x 3.5 mm), it is possible to integrate multiple pickup heads on the same chip for parallel data access, or pickup head arrays with different focal length for multilayer optical data storage systems.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_novel_1996,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Shen, J.I and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Novel monolithic free-space optical disk pickup head realized by surface micromachining},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {101--}
}
Lin L, Shen J, Lee S and Wu M (1996), "Surface-micromachined micro-XYZ stages for free-space micro-optical bench", In Advanced Applications of Lasers in Materials Processing/Broadband Optical Networks/Smart Pixels/Optical MEMs and Their Applications. IEEE/LEOS 1996 Summer Topical Meetings:., August, 1996. , pp. 37-38.
Abstract: The surface-micromachined free-space micro-optical bench (FS-MOB) has demonstrated its potential for monolithically integrating entire micro-optical systems on a single chip. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated XYZ stage with three degrees of freedom for precise on-chip optical alignment as well as input/output coupling for the FS-MOB.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_surface-micromachined_1996,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Shen, J.L. and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Surface-micromachined micro-XYZ stages for free-space micro-optical bench},
  booktitle = {Advanced Applications of Lasers in Materials Processing/Broadband Optical Networks/Smart Pixels/Optical MEMs and Their Applications. IEEE/LEOS 1996 Summer Topical Meetings:},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {37--38},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOSST.1996.540784}
}
Lin L, Wu M, Itoh T, Vang T, Muller R, Sivco D and Cho A (1996), "Velocity-matched distributed photodetectors with high saturation power and large bandwidth", In Device Research Conference, 1996. Digest. 54th Annual., June, 1996. , pp. 196-197.
Abstract: High power, high frequency photodetectors are the key components for high performance RF fiber optic links and coherent receivers with high LO power. Conventional high speed photodetectors have poor saturation power because of their small absorption volume. High bandwidth and high efficiency have been demonstrated by the traveling-wave photodetector. However, its absorption volume remains very small. An attempt has been made to increase the saturation power by employing large-core waveguide photodetectors. Previously, we have proposed a velocity-matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) which consists of an array of high speed photodiodes serially connected by a passive optical waveguide, and a separate microwave output transmission line. By matching the velocities of the microwave transmission line and the optical waveguide, very large absorption volume, and hence high saturation power, can be achieved without sacrificing the bandwidth. In this paper, we report on the first demonstration of the VMDP. High peak saturation photocurrent (56 mA at l-dB compression) and high bandwidth of 49 GHz are demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_velocity-matched_1996,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Wu, M.C. and Itoh, T. and Vang, T.A and Muller, R.E. and Sivco, D.L. and Cho, AY.},
  title = {Velocity-matched distributed photodetectors with high saturation power and large bandwidth},
  booktitle = {Device Research Conference, 1996. Digest. 54th Annual},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {196--197},
  doi = {10.1109/DRC.1996.546434}
}
Lin L, Shen J, Lee S and Wu M (1996), "Vertical adjustment in surface-micromachined free-space micro-optical bench", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 490-491.
Abstract: Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a novel optical beam-steering device for vertical adjustment of the optical beams in the surface-micromachined free-space Si micro-optical bench. Vertical adjustment as large as 140 /spl mu/m has been realized. When combined with an integrated microlens, a vertical scanning angle of 5.5/spl deg/ is also demonstrated.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_vertical_1996,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Shen, J.L. and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Vertical adjustment in surface-micromachined free-space micro-optical bench},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {490--491}
}
Motamedi ME, Wu MC and Pister KSJ (1996), "On-chip optical processing" Vol. 2881, pp. 84-117.
Abstract: Microoptical components, such as diffractive and refractive microlenses, micromirrors, beam splitter and beam combining have recently received considerable attention in the optics R&D centers and finally in the manufacturing community. This achievement is due to MEM technology that demonstrated major improvements in overall performance/cost of optical systems while offering the possibility of relatively rapid transition to products for military, industrial and consumer markets. Because of these technology advances, an industrial infrastructure is rapidly becoming established to provide combining microoptical components and MEM-based microactuators for on-chip optical processing. Optical systems that once were considered to be impractical due to the limitations of bulk optics can now easily be designed and fabricated with all required optical paths, signal conditioning, and electronic controls, integrated on a single chip. On-chip optical processing will enhance the performance of devices such as focal plane optical concentrator, smart actuators, color separation, beam shaping, FDDI switch, digital micromirror devices (DMDs), and miniature optical scanners. In this paper we review advances in microoptical components developed at Rockwell Science Center. We also review the potential of on-chip optical processing and recent achievement of free-space integrated optics and microoptical bench components developed at UCLA, and DMDs developed at Texas Instruments.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{motamedi_-chip_1996,
  author = {Motamedi, M. Edward and Wu, Ming C. and Pister, Kristofer S. J.},
  title = {On-chip optical processing},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {2881},
  pages = {84--117},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.251259},
  doi = {10.1117/12.251259}
}
Tong D, Bhatt N and Wu M (1996), "Novel optoelectronic technique for tunable millimeter-wave generation using a monolithic mode locked semiconductor laser", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 85-86.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel optoelectronic technique for continuously tunable millimeter-wave generation in which a mode-locked laser diode is employed in conjunction with an external electro-optic modulator to generate millimeter-wave signal up to over 100 GHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tong_novel_1996,
  author = {Tong, D.T.K. and Bhatt, N.A and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Novel optoelectronic technique for tunable millimeter-wave generation using a monolithic mode locked semiconductor laser},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {85--86}
}
Tong D and Wu M (1996), "Programmable-dispersion matrix for optical beam-forming network", In , Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96., June, 1996. , pp. 245-246.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In conclusion we have demonstrated a programmable-dispersion matrix. This polarisation division multiplexing (PDM), when implemented with a multiwavelength optical source in an optically controlled phased array antenna (OCPAA) system, can generate all the time delay required for beam forming.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tong_programmable-dispersion_1996,
  author = {Tong, D.T.K. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Programmable-dispersion matrix for optical beam-forming network},
  booktitle = {, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1996. CLEO '96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {245--246}
}
Wu M (1996), "Micromachining for optoelectronic systems", In , IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1996. LEOS 96., November, 1996. Vol. 2, pp. 187-188 vol.2.
Abstract: We review the current state of the art of micromachining in optoelectronic systems, and discuss in detail the progress of the free-space micro-optical bench (FSMOB) project at UCLA. The FSMOB comprises passive optical elements (diffractive and refractive lenses, gratings, beamsplitters, filters, etc.), micropositioners (translation and rotation stages), and microactuators. Because the micro-optical elements on the FSMOB are precisely positioned by photolithography, they can be "pre-aligned" during the photomask layout. The fabrication of the out-of-plane optical elements are compatible with the micromotors and other microactuators. Therefore, the optical elements can be monolithically integrated with micropositioners and microactuators for optical switching or scanning, or to achieve fine optical alignment.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_micromachining_1996,
  author = {Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Micromachining for optoelectronic systems},
  booktitle = {, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1996. LEOS 96},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {187--188 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1996.571615}
}
Fan L, Wu M, Lee HC and Grodzinski P (1995), "Optical interconnection network for massively parallel processors using beam-steering vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers", In , Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections, 1995., October, 1995. , pp. 28-34.
Abstract: An ultra dense optical interconnection network is proposed for massively parallel processors. Using two dimensional arrays of beam steering vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) as space division switching elements, a single chip, free space photonic banyan network (or other multi stage networks) can be constructed. Our scheme does not require critical optical alignment and can be easily packaged in compact chips. The optical beam steering of VCSELs are realized with an integrated beam router. Steering angles as large as 10° from surface normal direction have been demonstrated. The VCSEL has a threshold current of 4 mA and output power of 1 mW (for 4 μm×8 μm device) and a modulation bandwidth of 10 GHz. Dynamic switching of optical beam angles at 2 GHz has been demonstrated
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_optical_1995,
  author = {Fan, L. and Wu, M.C. and Lee, H. -C and Grodzinski, P.},
  title = {Optical interconnection network for massively parallel processors using beam-steering vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers},
  booktitle = {, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections, 1995},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {28--34},
  doi = {10.1109/MPPOI.1995.528624}
}
Lee SS, Lin LY and Wu MC (1995), "Realization of free-space fiber optic switches using the surface-micromachining technology", In LEOS '95. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1995 Annual Meeting. 8th Annual Meeting. Conference Proceedings. San Francisco, CA, USA Vol. 1, pp. 71-2. IEEE. New York, NY, USA. (Cat. No.95CH35739)..
Abstract: In conclusion, a free-space fiber optic switch has been demonstrated using the surface micromachining technology. With its monolithic microfabrication capability and three-dimensional characteristics, the switch can be made compact, light weight and low cost. The switch is potentially integrable with other micro-optical elements and controlling electronics. This project is supported by the ARPA/ESTO and the Packard Foundation. (3 References).
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_realization_1995,
  author = {Lee, S. S. and Lin, L. Y. and Wu, M. C.},
  title = {Realization of free-space fiber optic switches using the surface-micromachining technology},
  booktitle = {LEOS '95. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1995 Annual Meeting. 8th Annual Meeting. Conference Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE. New York, NY, USA. (Cat. No.95CH35739).},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {71--2},
  url = {file:///C:/Program%20Files/EndNote%208/Libraries/Publications.Data/Lee%20-%20Realization%20of%20Free-Space%20Fiber%20Optic%20Switches%20using%20the%20surface-micromachining%20technology.pdf}
}
Lee S-s, Lin L-Y and Wu MC (1995), "Realization of FDDI optical bypass switches using surface micromachining technology" Vol. 2641, pp. 41-48.
Abstract: We report a novel fiber data distribution interface (FDDI) optical bypass switch using the surface-micromachining technology. In this design, all of the switches' components are made of polysilicon films and are monolithically patterned. The switch consists of four multimode optical fibers and a two-sided mirror sitting vertically on the top of a sliding plate which can be driven by an integrated micro-actuator. The gap between two in-line fibers are minimized to reduce insertion loss without using any lense. The total insertion loss of the switch has been measured to be 2.8 dB for the CROSS state and 3.1 dB for the BAR state with a LED source operates at 1.3 micrometers wavelegnth. The cross-talk between two states is measured to be 26.1 dB. The insertion loss and cross-talk can be improved further using different designs. Using this approach, the size, weight, and cost of current FDDI bypass switches can be dramatically reduced. Furthermore, the micromachined FDDI bypass switches are potentially integrable with the optical sources/detectors and controlling electronics.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_realization_1995-1,
  author = {Lee, Shi-sheng and Lin, Lih-Yuan and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Realization of FDDI optical bypass switches using surface micromachining technology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2641},
  pages = {41--48},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.220940},
  doi = {10.1117/12.220940}
}
Lee SS, Lin LY, Pister KSJ and Wu MC (1995), "Three-dimensional microgratings for free-space optical interconnects and clock-distribution systems", In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics., May, 1995. Vol. 15, pp. CFF7. Optical Society of America.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_three-dimensional_1995,
  author = {Lee, S. S. and Lin, L. Y. and Pister, K. S. J. and Wu, M. C.},
  editor = {Deutsch, Goldsmith, J., Killinger, D., and Valley, G., T.},
  title = {Three-dimensional microgratings for free-space optical interconnects and clock-distribution systems},
  booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  publisher = {Optical Society of America},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {CFF7},
  url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-1995-CFF7}
}
Lin L-Y, Shen JL, Lee S-s and Wu MC (1995), "Micromachined three-dimensional tunable Fabry-Perot etalons" Vol. 2641, pp. 20-27.
Abstract: We report on novel 3D tunable Fabry-Perot etalons fabricated by surface micromachining technique. The Fabry-Perot etalons are tuned by rotation or translation movements. For the Fabry-Perot etalon tuned by rotational movement, the Fabry-Perot etalon is integrated with a rotational stage and the effective light path distance is adjusted by rotating the stage. The transmission peak wavelength shift (Delta) (lambda) p of 32 nm has been observed for tuning angle (Delta) (Theta) equal to 70 degrees. For the Fabry-Perot etalon tuned by linear translation, two mirrors consitituting the etalon are integrated with translational stages. The stage consists of a slider constrained by flanges along the two edges so that only translational movement along the optical axis is allowed. By changing the distance between two mirrors for 2.25 micrometers , a transmission peak wavelength shift (Delta) (lambda) p of 103 nm has been achieved. The 3D Fabry-Perot etalons can be easily extended to integrate with other micro- optical elements fabricated in a similar way. Furthermore, fiber-to-fiber coupling will be easy with this 3D approach. The 3D tunable Fabry-Perot etalon is another successful demonstration of the free-space micro-optical bench (FS-MOB) technology we have proposed previously.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_micromachined_1995,
  author = {Lin, Lih-Yuan and Shen, J. L. and Lee, Shi-sheng and Wu, Ming C.},
  title = {Micromachined three-dimensional tunable Fabry-Perot etalons},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2641},
  pages = {20--27},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.220937},
  doi = {10.1117/12.220937}
}
Lin L, Lee S, Wu M and Pister K (1995), "Micromachined integrated optics for free-space interconnections", In IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1995, MEMS '95, Proceedings., January, 1995. , pp. 77-.
Abstract: Not Available
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_micromachined_1995-1,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C. and Pister, K.S.J.},
  title = {Micromachined integrated optics for free-space interconnections},
  booktitle = {IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 1995, MEMS '95, Proceedings},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {77--},
  doi = {10.1109/MEMSYS.1995.472550}
}
Shen J, Lin L, Lee S and Wu M (1995), "A micromachined free-space integrated optical disk pickup head", In , IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1995. 8th Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, Volume 1., October, 1995. Vol. 2, pp. 291-292 vol.2.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In summary, a novel free-space integrated micro-optical disk pickup head has been realized using surface-micromachining techniques. A focal spot with the FWHM equal to 2.6 μm×6.7 μm is obtained. This new integrated optical disk pickup head can significantly reduce its size and weight as well as improve the transfer rate of optical data storage systems. The freespace micro-optical bench technology can be extended to many other micro-optics systems
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{shen_micromachined_1995,
  author = {Shen, J.L. and Lin, L.Y. and Lee, S.S. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A micromachined free-space integrated optical disk pickup head},
  booktitle = {, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1995. 8th Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, Volume 1},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {291--292 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1995.484721}
}
Tong DTK and Wu M (1995), "A novel optically controlled phased array antenna system using a programmable-dispersion fiber and a mode-locked laser", In , IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1995. 8th Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, Volume 1., October, 1995. Vol. 2, pp. 277-278 vol.2.
Abstract: In conclusion, we have proposed and demonstrate a novel scheme for optically controlled phased array antenna (OCPAA) using a single monolithic colliding pulse mode locked (CPM) laser and a programmable-dispersion fiber delay line. This system is extremely compact and no critical matching of fiber lengths are needed since all RF signals travel through the same fiber. Moreover, the proposed system is robust and highly scaleable in either number of antenna elements or resolution
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tong_novel_1995,
  author = {Tong, D. T K and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {A novel optically controlled phased array antenna system using a programmable-dispersion fiber and a mode-locked laser},
  booktitle = {, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1995. 8th Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, Volume 1},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {277--278 vol.2},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1995.484701}
}
Fan L, Wu M and Lee HC (1994), "8x6 wavelength-tunable vertical cavity surface-emitting arrays", In IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1994. LEOS '94 Conference Proceedings., October, 1994. Vol. 1, pp. 263-264 vol.1.
Abstract: Vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSELs) have large mode spacing due to the very short cavity and are particularly suitable for continuous wavelength tuning. In addition, the low threshold currents, low beam divergence angles, and their ability to form two-dimensional arrays make them attractive for free-space optical interconnect applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a continuously tunable, individually addressable 8×6 VCSEL array using integrated heaters. VCSELs with a mesa size of 12 μm×12 μm exhibit a threshold current of 4.2 mA, output power of 1.2 mW (cw, room temperature), and continuous tuning range of 10 nm are obtained
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_8x6_1994,
  author = {Fan, Li and Wu, M.C. and Lee, H. -C},
  title = {8x6 wavelength-tunable vertical cavity surface-emitting arrays},
  booktitle = {IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1994. LEOS '94 Conference Proceedings},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {263--264 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1994.586994}
}
Fan L, Wu M, Lee HC and Grodzinski P (1994), "Novel vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with integrated optical beam router for massively parallel free-space interconnection", In Electron Devices Meeting, 1994. IEDM '94. Technical Digest., International., December, 1994. , pp. 765-768.
Abstract: We report a novel vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with monolithically integrated phase-shifters. Optical beams emitting at angles of 0/spl deg/ to 9.6/spl deg/ from the surface-normal direction have been achieved. Dynamic switching of the radiation angle has also been successfully demonstrated by turning on/off the phase-shifted region of the VCSEL. This novel device can reduce the complexity and size of switching nodes, and increase reliability of the interconnect system. The high-density integration and wafer scale fabrication capability make them particularly attractive for massively parallel free-space optical interconnection.textlesstextgreater
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{fan_novel_1994,
  author = {Fan, L. and Wu, M.C. and Lee, H. -C and Grodzinski, P.},
  title = {Novel vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with integrated optical beam router for massively parallel free-space interconnection},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 1994. IEDM '94. Technical Digest., International},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {765--768},
  doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1994.383311}
}
Lee S, Lin L, Pister K, Wu M, Lee HC and Grodzinski P (1994), "An 8x1 micromachined micro-Fresnel lens array for free-space optical interconnect", In IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1994. LEOS '94 Conference Proceedings., October, 1994. Vol. 1, pp. 242-243 vol.1.
Abstract: A micromachined 8 x 1 vertical three-dimensional micro-Fresnel lens array and its hybrid integration with a self-aligned vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array have been demonstrated for the first time. With their unique three-dimensional and array structures, they are suitable for integration with other similarly fabricated micro-optical components such as rotatable mirrors, gratings and beam-splitters as well as other active micro-optical elements. This new technique has great potential for free-space optical interconnects
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_8x1_1994,
  author = {Lee, S.S. and Lin, L.Y. and Pister, K.S.J. and Wu, M.C. and Lee, H. -C and Grodzinski, P.},
  title = {An 8x1 micromachined micro-Fresnel lens array for free-space optical interconnect},
  booktitle = {IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1994. LEOS '94 Conference Proceedings},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {242--243 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1994.586983}
}
Lee S, Lin L, Pister K and Wu M (1994), "Micromachined vertical three-dimensional micro-fresnel lenses for free-space integrated micro-optics", In Device Research Conference, 1994. 52nd Annual. , pp. 121-122.
Abstract: Not Available
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_micromachined_1994,
  author = {Lee, S.S. and Lin, L.Y. and Pister, K.S.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Micromachined vertical three-dimensional micro-fresnel lenses for free-space integrated micro-optics},
  booktitle = {Device Research Conference, 1994. 52nd Annual},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {121--122},
  doi = {10.1109/DRC.1994.1009439}
}
Lee S, Lin L, Pister K, Wu M, Lee C and Grodzinski P (1994), "Self-aligned integration of 8/spl times/1 micromachined micro-Fresnel lens arrays and 8/spl times/1 vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays for free-space optical interconnect", In Electron Devices Meeting, 1994. IEDM '94. Technical Digest., International., December, 1994. , pp. 761-764.
Abstract: A novel, three-dimensional 8/spl times/1 micro-Fresnel lens array has been realized by surface micromachining technique; three-dimensional alignment blocks and supporting structures for both the micro-Fresnel lens array and the 8/spl times/1 vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array are also realized during the same process. With the help of these three-dimensional structures, self-aligned integration of the micro-Fresnel lens array and the VCSEL array are realized with passive alignment. Individual addressing of the VCSEL/micro-lens element is also successfully demonstrated. With their three-dimensional and array structural characteristics, they are very attractive for free-space optical interconnect and optoelectronic packaging.textlesstextgreater
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lee_self-aligned_1994,
  author = {Lee, S.S. and Lin, L.Y. and Pister, K.S.J. and Wu, M.C. and Lee, C. and Grodzinski, P.},
  title = {Self-aligned integration of 8/spl times/1 micromachined micro-Fresnel lens arrays and 8/spl times/1 vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays for free-space optical interconnect},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 1994. IEDM '94. Technical Digest., International},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {761--764},
  doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1994.383312}
}
Lin L, Lee S, Pister K and Wu M (1994), "Micro-machined micro-optical bench for optoelectronic packaging", In IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1994. LEOS '94 Conference Proceedings., October, 1994. Vol. 1, pp. 219-220 vol.1.
Abstract: Summary form only given. We report a novel scheme for optoelectronic packaging using surface micro-machining technique. Free space micro-optical benches (MOB) enable a large optical system to be monolithically integrated on a small Si chip. In this paper, we present a novel rotatable micro-mirror, and a three dimensional self-alignment structure for integrating active optical components such as semiconductor lasers or isolators on MOB
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lin_micro-machined_1994,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Lee, S.S. and Pister, K.S.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Micro-machined micro-optical bench for optoelectronic packaging},
  booktitle = {IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 1994. LEOS '94 Conference Proceedings},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {219--220 vol.1},
  doi = {10.1109/LEOS.1994.586971}
}
Lin L, Lee S, Pister K and Wu M (1994), "Three-dimensional micro-Fresnel optical elements fabricated by micromachining technique", Electronics Letters., March, 1994. Vol. 30(5), pp. 448-449.
Abstract: The authors report, for the first time, a three-dimensional binary phase micro-Fresnel optical element standing perpendicular to the substrate. The optical element is fabricated by a micromachining technique. The element has a diameter of 650 μm, a focal length of 0.5 mm and an optical axis of 1 mm above the surface of the substrate. Light from an optical fibre is successfully collimated by the micro-optical element, and the beam profile closely approximates a Gaussian shape
BibTeX:
@article{lin_three-dimensional_1994,
  author = {Lin, L.Y. and Lee, S.S. and Pister, K.S.J. and Wu, M.C.},
  title = {Three-dimensional micro-Fresnel optical elements fabricated by micromachining technique},
  journal = {Electronics Letters},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {448--449},
  doi = {10.1049/el:19940277}
}
Wu MC, Lin L-Y and Lee S-s (1994), "Micromachined free-space integrated optics" Vol. 2291, pp. 40-51.
Abstract: We report a novel surface-micromachined micro-optical bench (MOB) technology which enables us to monolithically integrate 'flipped-up' free-space optical elements with micro-positioners and micro- actuators. This technology allows complete optical systems be implemented on a single Si chip using IC-like microfabrication processes. We have, for the first time, successfully fabricated micro-Fresnel lenses, mirrors, beam-splitters, gratings, and precision optical mounts, as well as rotational stages and other micro- positioners. Self-aligned hybrid integration with edge-emitting lasers and vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) are also demonstrated for the first time. The MOB technology could significantly reduce the size, weight, and cost of most optical systems, and has a significant impact on optical switching, optical data storage, optoelectronic packaging.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_micromachined_1994,
  author = {Wu, Ming C. and Lin, Lih-Yuan and Lee, Shi-sheng},
  title = {Micromachined free-space integrated optics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2291},
  pages = {40--51},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.190929},
  doi = {10.1117/12.190929}
}
Kapre RM, Tsang W-T, Wu MC and Chen Y-K (1993), "Low-threshold InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer quantum-well lasers (λ=0.98 μm) with GaInP cladding layers grown by chemical beam epitaxy" Vol. 1788, pp. 37-44.
Abstract: Strained InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) lasers operating at 0.98 micrometers are currently of great interest due to their suitability for pumping erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. They are reported to yield a lower noise figure and higher gain coefficient than the 1.48 micrometers InGaAs/InP pump lasers as well as 0.8 micrometers AlGaAs/GaAs pump lasers. In addition, the InGaAs/AlGaAs strained QW lasers have lower threshold current, higher slope efficiency, and less temperature dependance. All these factors contribute to lowering the power dissipation of the pump design. Recently Ga0.51In0.49P, lattice-matched to GaAs has been introduced as a substitute for the AlGaAs cladding layers due to reports suggesting its resistance to rapid degradation by dark line defect propagation and to catastrophic mirror damage. The aluminum-free system also lends itself more readily to device fabrication by selective etching and epitaxial regrowth or mass transport. We report on the first InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer QW lasers using GaInP cladding layers grown by chemical beam epitaxy. The laser structure is a separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) with the active region consisting of 70 angstroms thick In0.2Ga0.8As quantum well and 220 angstroms thick GaAs barriers. The active and the SCH region are cladded by Ga0.51In0.49P layers of 1.35 micrometers thickness. A very low broad-area threshold current density of 70 A/cm2 was obtained for 1500 micrometers long single QW lasers which is among the lowest reported for InGaAs/GaAs/GaInP lasers. The Jth for two and three QW lasers were 135 A/cm2 and 170 A/cm2 respectively. Ridge waveguide lasers with 4 micrometers width have very low cw threshold currents: 7.8 mA for 500 micrometers -long cavity and 10 mA for 750 micrometers -long cavity. External differential quantum efficiency as high as 0.9 mW/mA was obtained for 250 micrometers -long lasers. From the slope of inverse quantum efficiency versus cavity length, a very low internal waveguide loss of 2.5 cm-1 and an internal quantum efficiency of 0.95 are inferred.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{kapre_low-threshold_1993,
  author = {Kapre, R. M. and Tsang, Won-Tien and Wu, Ming C. and Chen, Young-Kai},
  title = {Low-threshold InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer quantum-well lasers (λ=0.98 μm) with GaInP cladding layers grown by chemical beam epitaxy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {1788},
  pages = {37--44},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.141113},
  doi = {10.1117/12.141113}
}
Chen Y-K, Wu MC, Tanbun-Ek T, Logan RA, Choa F-S, Tsang W-T, Chin MA and Sergent AM (1992), "Short pulse generation using semiconductor lasers" Vol. 1680, pp. 80-86.
Abstract: We have generated picosecond optical pulses with very pure spectral characteristics using semiconductor lasers with monolithic cavities. For repetition rates less than 10 GHz, gain- switching of DFB lasers with quantum well loss-gratings is used. Monolithic colliding pulse mode-locked semiconductor lasers are used to generate short pulses with repetition rate up to 350 GHz.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chen_short_1992,
  author = {Chen, Young-Kai and Wu, Ming C. and Tanbun-Ek, Tawee and Logan, Ralph A. and Choa, Fow-Sen and Tsang, Won-Tien and Chin, M. A. and Sergent, A. M.},
  title = {Short pulse generation using semiconductor lasers},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1680},
  pages = {80--86},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.137702},
  doi = {10.1117/12.137702}
}
Wu MC, Chen YK, Tanbun-Ek T and Logan RA (1992), "Femtosecond Monolithic Colliding-Pulse Mode-Locked Quantum-Well Lasers", May, 1992. ({AD}-P-007663/8/{XAB})
BibTeX:
@techreport{wu_femtosecond_1992,
  author = {Wu, M. C. and Chen, Y. K. and Tanbun-Ek, T. and Logan, R. A.},
  title = {Femtosecond Monolithic Colliding-Pulse Mode-Locked Quantum-Well Lasers},
  year = {1992},
  number = {AD-P-007663/8/XAB},
  url = {http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/7252510}
}
Chen Y-K, Wu M, Kuo J, Chin MA and Sergent A (1991), "High temperature operation (185 degrees C) of InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP quantum well lasers", In Electron Devices Meeting, 1991. IEDM '91. Technical Digest., International., December, 1991. , pp. 615-618.
Abstract: Aluminium-free InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP strained-layer quantum-well lasers have been grown on GaAs substrates by gas-source MBE (molecular beam epitaxy). High-temperature CW (continuous wave) operation of these (ridge waveguide lasers) has been demonstrated up to 185 degrees C, which is comparable to the best high-temperature laser performance in the strained-layer InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well lasers. Self-align index-guided lasers are also fabricated with gas-source MBE in two growth sequences. A threshold current of 12 mA is obtained from a 2.50- mu m-wide and 508- mu m-long self-aligned laser at room temperature under CW operation. This work demonstrates the regrowth capability of the gas source MBE technique to fabricate high-performance optoelectronic circuits and devices on the patterned aluminum-free InGaP layers.textlesstextgreater
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chen_high_1991,
  author = {Chen, Y.-K. and Wu, M.C. and Kuo, J.M. and Chin, M. A and Sergent, AM.},
  title = {High temperature operation (185 degrees C) of InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP quantum well lasers},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 1991. IEDM '91. Technical Digest., International},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {615--618},
  doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1991.235395}
}
Wu M, Chen Y-K, Tanbun-Ek T, Logan R and Chin MA (1990), "Sub-picosecond optical pulse generation at 350 GHz in monolithic passive CPM MQW lasers", In Electron Devices Meeting, 1990. IEDM '90. Technical Digest., International., December, 1990. , pp. 137-140.
Abstract: Subpicosecond optical pulses have been successfully generated using a novel monolithic passive colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) semiconductor multiple quantum-well (MQW) laser. A transform-limited pulse width of 830 fs is achieved at a wavelength of 1.5 mu m and a repetition rate of 80 GHz. The measured time-bandwidth product is 0.31. A record high repetition rate of 350 GHz is also demonstrated with a 900 fs pulse width.textlesstextgreater
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_sub-picosecond_1990,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Chen, Y.-K. and Tanbun-Ek, T. and Logan, R.A and Chin, M. A},
  title = {Sub-picosecond optical pulse generation at 350 GHz in monolithic passive CPM MQW lasers},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 1990. IEDM '90. Technical Digest., International},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {137--140},
  doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1990.237208}
}
Wu M, Yang L and Tsang W (1989), "A quantum-switched heterojunction bistable bipolar transistor", In Electron Devices Meeting, 1989. IEDM '89. Technical Digest., International., December, 1989. , pp. 551-554.
Abstract: A novel bistable transistor-the quantum-switched heterojunction bistable bipolar transistor-is described. The transistor has two current states. With increasing base-emitter voltage, the collector current is switched from high to low, while the base current is switched from low to high. Bistability is observed for a certain range of base voltage. The device has on/off ratios of 1.5 and 3.5 for the collector and the base currents at 77 K, respectively. Theoretical study shows that larger on/off ratios and room-temperature operation are possible with double barriers with higher current peak-to-valley ratios. This device has potential applications in implementing high-speed single-bipolar-transistor memories, gain-quenching in light-emitting devices, and optoelectronic switching.textlesstextgreater
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{wu_quantum-switched_1989,
  author = {Wu, M.C. and Yang, L. and Tsang, W.T.},
  title = {A quantum-switched heterojunction bistable bipolar transistor},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 1989. IEDM '89. Technical Digest., International},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {551--554},
  doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1989.74342}
}
Hsin W, Ogura M, Weber JP, Wang S, Yang JJ, Wu M, Wang S and Whinnery JR (1987), "GaAs/AlGaAs surface emitting laser diode with vertical distributed feedback optical cavity and transverse junction buried heterostructure", In Electron Devices Meeting, 1987 International. Vol. 33, pp. 792-795.
Abstract: A threshold current of 2 mA at room temperature CW operation is realized in a vertical distributed feedback surface emitting laser diode (VDFB-SELD) with transverse junction buried heterostructure (TJBH). In this TJBH structure, the vertical distributed feedback active region (AlGaAs/GaAs multilayer) is entirely surrounded by N- and P-type AlGaAs cladding layer for minority carrier confinement. The far field angle is 7 to 8 degrees. The beam shape is nearly circular. However, the lasing spectrum is broad ( 1.5 to 3 nm) compared with the conventional edge-emitting laser. Theoretical model of the VDFB-SELD-TJBH by using DFB theory and its computer simulation of the spectrum shows good agreement with the experimental measurements.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{hsin_gaas/algaas_1987,
  author = {Hsin, Wei and Ogura, Mutsuo and Weber, J. -P and Wang, Shyh and Yang, J. J. and Wu, M.C. and Wang, Shyh and Whinnery, John R.},
  title = {GaAs/AlGaAs surface emitting laser diode with vertical distributed feedback optical cavity and transverse junction buried heterostructure},
  booktitle = {Electron Devices Meeting, 1987 International},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {792--795},
  doi = {10.1109/IEDM.1987.191551}
}
Ogura M, Hsin W, Wang S, Yang J, Wang S-Y, Houng Y-M, Wu M-C, Whinnery J and Wang S (1987), "Distributed feedback surface emitting laser diode with lateral buried heterostructure", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices., November, 1987. Vol. 34(11), pp. 2380-2381.
Abstract: Not Available
BibTeX:
@article{ogura_distributed_1987,
  author = {Ogura, M. and Hsin, Wei and Wang, S.C. and Yang, J.J. and Wang, Shih-Yuan and Houng, Yu-Min and Wu, Ming-Chiang and Whinnery, J.R. and Wang, Shyh},
  title = {Distributed feedback surface emitting laser diode with lateral buried heterostructure},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2380--2381},
  doi = {10.1109/T-ED.1987.23307}
}